KECENT PHASES OF LITEKAEY CRITICISM 125 



there been no one-sided, overloaded, fanatical men, 

 — men of partial views, of half-truths, of one idea ? 

 Where would Christianity have been, under the play 

 of disinterested intellect, without disciples, without 

 devotees, without saints and martyrs, without its 

 Paul and its Luther, without prejudice, without 

 superstition, without inflexibility ? 



We might fitly contrast these two types of mind 

 under the heads of Protestant and Catholic, the one 

 personal, the other impersonal. With the Protest- 

 ant type goes individualism, which, as I have said, 

 is so marked a feature of the modern world. With 

 the Catholic type goes institutionalism, which was 

 so marked a feature of the ancient world. With 

 the former goes the right of private judgment, inno- 

 vation, progress, new forms of art ; with the latter 

 goes authority, obedience, the power of the past. 

 The Protestant type is more capricious and willful ; 

 it is restless, venturesome, impatient of rules and 

 precedents ; the older type is more serene, composed, 

 conservative, orderly. In criticism it is more objec- 

 tive ; it upholds the standards, it lays down the law ; 

 it cherishes the academic spirit. The Prench mind 

 is the more Catholic ; the English the more Protest- 

 ant. In literature the Protestant type is the more 

 subjective and creative ; it makes new discoveries, it 

 founds new orders. Catholicism is exterior, formal, 

 imposing ; it takes little account of personal needs 

 and peculiarities, while Protestantism is almost en- 

 tirely concerned with the private, interior world. 

 Individualism in religion begat Protestantism, and 



