SPECIAL HUMAN AND ANIMAL DISEASES. 



213 



('93). BriegEr, Ludwig, and Cohn, Georg. Unter- 



sucluingen iiber das Tetanusgift. Zeitschr. 



f. Hyg, Bd. XV, pp. i-io, 1893. 



As small a ijuHutity of the tetfiuiis poison as 0.000,23 



jjram would be a lethal dose for a matt wei>;-hing 70 kilos. 



This is an inference based on experiments with mice. 



('93). Moore, Veranus A. Observations on the 

 morphology, biology, and pathogenic prop- 

 erties of twenty-eight streptococci found in 

 the investigation of animal diseases. Bu- 

 reau of Animal Industry, U. vS. Dept. of 

 Agriculture, Bull. No. 3, 1893, pp. 9-30. 



('03). MooRE; V. A. Pathogenic and toxicogenic 

 bacteria in the upper air passages of do- 

 mesticated animals. Bulletin No. 3, Bureau 

 of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. Agric, 

 1893. pp. 38-48. 



(93). PfeiFFER, R. Die Aetiologie der Influenza. 

 Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xiii, 1S93, pp. 357-386, 

 8 plates. 



('94). NovY, F. G. Ein nencr anaerober Bacillus des 

 ■mahgnen Oedems. Zeitschr. f. Hyg, Bd. 

 xvri, 1894, pp. 209-233, 2 heliotype plates 

 from photomicrographs .by Dr. Pfeifl^er. 



('94). KiTASATO, S. The bacillus of bubonic plague. 

 The Lancet, London, 1894 Cii), pp. 428-430, 



('95). SiEBER-ScHOUirow, MmE. N. O. Contribution 

 a Telude des poissons venimeux. Sur le 

 Bacillus pisoicidus a.gilis, microbe pathogene 

 pour les poissons. Arch. d. sci. biol.. Tome 

 III, 1895, St. Petcrsb., pp. 226-256, I colored 

 plate, 7 figs. 



Author isoUited from dyiupf fish and from the waters 

 of the reservoir containing tlie sick fish, its inflow and 

 outflow pipes, an anaerobic, gas forming fCOr), motile, 

 short organism {lUiriJt iis ]>t^cii-ifUf!< aitUif). pathogenic 

 to cold-blooded animals, especially fish and frogs. Or- 

 ganism coagulates milk and grows readily at 37.5° C. It 

 was killed by a beat in, g (5-1^' min.) in river water at 6.S-7o° 

 C. , and agar or gelatin cidtures viekled the cholera red 

 reaction witb hydrochloric acid. The organism is also 

 toxic to white mice, guinea pi,gs, rabbits, and dogs, but 

 not to pigeons. 



CgS). Shiga, Kiyosiii. Lleber den Erreger der 

 Dysenteric in Japan. Ccntralb. f. Bakt,, i 

 Abt., Bd. xxiii, 1898, pp. 599-600. 



('98). Smith, TiiEob.\ld. A comparative study of 

 bovine tubercle bacilli and of human bacilli 

 from sputum. The Jour, of Exper. Med., 

 vol. Ill, 1898, pp. 451-51 1. 



('98). LoEFFLEr. Bericht der Commission zur Er- 

 forschung der Maul- und Klauenseuche bei 

 dem Institut fiir Infektionskrankheiten in 

 Berlin. Erstattet an den Cultusminister 

 von dem Vorsitzcnden der Commission, 

 Berlin, Aug. 12, 1S98. Deutsche mediz. 

 \A'ochenschr., 1898, No. 7',^. pp. 562-564. 

 Also a separate. Reprinted in Centralb. f 

 Bakt., I Abt., Bd. xxiv, 1898, pp. 569-574. 

 (.Organism passes through a Chamberland filter, and is 

 invisible. 



('98). Petruschky, J- Ucber Massenausscheidung 

 von Typhusbacillen durch den Urin von 

 Typhus-Rekonvalescenten und die epidem- 

 iologische Bedeutung dieser Thatsache. 

 Centr. f. Bakt. i Abt., Bd. xxiii, 1898, pp. 

 577-583. 



('98). NocARD, Ed., et LeclainchE, E. Les mala- 

 dies microbiennes des animaux. 3d ed,, 

 1903. Tome I. pp. II, 668; Tome, 11, pp. 645. 

 Paris, Masson et Cie. 



{'98). Nocard et Roux. Le microbe de la peri- 

 pneumonie. Bulletin de la Soc. Central de 

 Med. Veterinaire. Rccucil de Med. Veter- 

 inaire Annexe, Paris. Nouvelle ser., T, 16. 

 Mar. 24, 1898, pp. 213-233. See also the 

 Veterinary Journal, London, vol. XLVii, pp. 

 147-152. 



Authors descrilje as the cause of plenro-pneumonia in 

 cattle an organism of \'ery small size, not visible clenrl\' 

 even after staining. The serum from diseased foci is 

 extremely virulent, but it is impossible to cultivate any- 

 thing from this scrum b\' an\' of the ordinarj- methods. 

 Many bacteriologists have tried and failed, including 

 Nocard and Roux These authors finally sticceeded in 

 cultivating it in bouillon in collodion sacks. 'The bouil- 

 lon was iui.iculatetl with a little of the \irulent serum 

 and the sticks were then placed in the peritoneum of 

 rabbits, where the\- were allowed to remain some weeks 

 subject to osmosis The organism clouds the bouillon 

 slightly, and is visible under high magnifications, in 

 bright light, as innumerable, minute, blight, mobile 

 points. This bouillon is capable of reproducing the dis- 

 ease, but is free from bacteiia cultn-able on ordinary 

 media. Clieck sacks incubated in the peritoneum gave 

 no such result, neither did sacks inoculated with Jifntrd 

 ririi.s. C'liUodion sack cultuies incubated in the perito- 

 neal cavit\' of animals were first used (>) b\' Metcbnikotf, 

 Roux aiul .Salimbeni in Iheir stud\ of the toxin and anti- 

 toxin of cholera. 



The authors finally succeeded in cultivating this or- 

 ganism outside of the animal body, by using a special 

 bouillon .and a siiecial agar (See Les maladies micro- 

 biennes <les animaux, lui'^, T. I , p. 150). " Virulent albu- 

 minous litjuids, pulmonary serum not diluted, or the 

 ^lartin serum bouillon filtered through Chamberland or 

 Berkefeld bougies, gives a sterile filtrate. On the con- 

 trary, .after dilution of the same liquids in a non-albu- 

 minous medium, the microbe Jiasscs through the Berke- 

 feld ami the Chamberland bougie. Under these condi- 

 tions tlie filtration enables one to obtain without diffi- 

 culty' a characteristic pure culture, even from impure 

 products." 



('98). Nocard et Roux, Le microbe de la peri- 

 pneumomie. Ann. de ITnst. Pasteur, 1898, 

 T. XII, pp. 240-262. 



('99). GelpkE, ThEodor. Bacterium septatum und 

 dessen Beziehungen zur Gruppe der Diph- 

 therienbactericn (B. diphtheriae [Klebs-Lof- 

 fler], B. pscudodiphthcriticum [Lofflcr] und 

 B. xerosis). Arb. a. d. Bact. Institut der 

 techn. Hochschule zti Karlsruhe, 11 Bd , 2 

 Hefte, 1899, pp. 71-148 5 plates (40 pho- 

 tomicrographs) and 4 charts. Bibliog. of 

 45 titles. 



('00). Welch, AVilliam H. Morbid conditions 

 caused by the Bacilhis aerogenes capsulatus. 

 Phila. Med. Journ., vol. vi, 1900, pp. 202-216. 



Coo). FlExner, Simon. On the etiology of tropical 

 dysentery. Phila. Med. Journ., vol. vi, 1900, 

 pp. 414-424. 



The author calls special attention to Shiga's results. 

 Flexner studied this disease in the Philippines. He says - 

 " That the bacillus is identical with the organism ob- 

 tained by Shiga in the epidemic of dysentery which pre- 

 vailed in Japan, there can be no reasonable doubt. In 

 morphological, cultural, and pathogenic characteristics 

 the two or.ganisras are indistinguishable." 



('00). GoRHAM, F. P. The gas-bubble disease of 

 fish and its cause. U. S. Fish Commission, 

 Bull, for 1899, pp. 33-37, 1900, Washington. 



('00). Smith, R. GrEig. A new bacillus pathogenic 

 to fish. Proceedings, Linnean Soc, New 

 South Wales for 1900. Sydney, 1901, vol. 

 XXV, pp. 122-130. Two heliotype plates. 



This is named Bacillus piscidus bipolaris, in allusion 

 to the bipolar germination of its spoics The organism 

 is motile, and liquefies gelatin. 



