SPORES ; FJ.AGELLA. 



2I(J 



(96). Sci-iRKTUKR, Oswald. Uebcr die phj'siologis- 

 chcn BediiigungL-n der cndogcnen Sporcn- 

 bildiing liL-i P.acdkis aiiitliracis, siibtilis, iind 

 lunu-sCLiis. Ccntrall). f. Bakt., xx Bd., 1896, 

 353-.v~4 and 4^9-437 

 Forty-five papers cited at close of this article. 



(96). BuCHNf.R, 11. UebcT die pliysiologisclacn Be- 

 diugnngen der Sporenliildung lieini Milz- 

 brandbacillus. Ceiitralli. f. Bakt,, xx Bd, 

 189(1, pp. S06-807. 



('98). C.m'Ei;iN;\, G. Riccrdie sidrintinia struttura 

 dolle .spcire dci balteri. Separate from Atti 

 d. Sue. \'eiieto-treiUina, vdl. lit, Fasc. 2, Pa- 

 dn\ a, T898, 10 page^, witk I plate. Rev. in 

 Centralli. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd , 1S99, pp. :^S-.f> 

 vSoiTie evidence in tavor of existence of a nucleus. 



(98). MiGUL-\, AA'. IJer Ke,'nigekalt und die Wider- 

 stand.sfahi.gkeit der Bal-iterien der animalen 

 L\niphe. Arb. a. d. Back Institut der teek. 

 Hocli^cknle 211 Karlsrukc, 11 Bd., i Heft, 

 1898, pp. ('15-72. 



(.'98). AujEszivY, 7\i,AiiAR. Eine einfaeke Speiren- 

 farbimgsmetkode. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxiii 

 Bd., 1898, pp. 3^9-.?3i. 



The unfixed covers are placed in a boiliuj? hot }._, per 

 cent solutiou of IICI for 3 to 4 minutes, then washed in 

 water, drieil, fixed, and stained with hot earhol fuchsin 

 ( three times over flame 1 Covers are then cooled, bleached 

 in .| to 5 i^ier cent sul])huric acid, and counterstained I to 

 2 niiuiites in malachit green or methylene blue. 



(,'99). Stei'H.\nidis, Pi-iiLiii'i-MiN. Lfeber den Eintluss 

 de.s Nakrsldffgehaltcs von Nakrboden atif 

 die Rasckkeiit der Sporenbildung nnd die 

 Zahl nnd Ivesisteiiz der gebildeten Sp'iren. 

 .\rcli. f. llyg., Bd. x.xxv, 1899, pp. i-io. 

 Review in Centralli. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., i8(jy, 

 p. 5(18. 



In a poor substratum anthrax spores were formed more 

 ra]>i<ll3' but iu less numbers thau in a rich medium. To- 

 ward heat tlie S]iores ironi the rich and poor media be- 

 haved alike. 



(■99). Kt,Ein, Alex. Einc einfache Methode zur 

 Sporenfaiibung. Cciiitrallx f. Bakt., xxv Bd., 



1S99- PP- ,^7'->-379- 

 Klein's modihcatiou consists in staining the spores be- 

 fore the>- have dried. In a watch glass he makes a spore 

 emulsion in phys. salt solution. To this is added an 

 equal volume of tillered carbol fuchsiu. This is then 

 gently heated over the open tlame for six minutes, i. e , 

 until steam rises. Covers arc now prepared and the bac- 

 terial layer fixed by passing twice thiough the flame. 

 Ttic covers are then ])assed through i per cent H2SO | for 

 I to 2 seconds, washed in water and counterstained ^ to 4 

 minutes iu alcolmlic metli\'lene blue solution diluted 

 \vith water. 



Dannai'I'EE. Sl-c xxxni. 



Smith, R. 'iREic. The ilrmhle staining of 



spores and itacilli. Procci'dings of .the Ijn- 



neaii S^cioly nt New Sknrth Wale^, 1900, 



Part .^. Tune 27. pp .^94-397- Al^r. a separate 



( issned Ni-v. 22, 1900). 

 ScHAuniNN, Fritz. Beitrilge ztir Kenntnis 



der Bak'terirn tmd verwaiidter Or.ganisnien. 



I. Bacillus l)utchhi. .-Vrch. f Prritistenkunde. 



Bd. I, 1902. pp. 3o6-343> t plate. Bibliography 



of 24 ttitles. 



This very large, slow-moving organism was isolated 

 from the intestinal tract of a cockroach, Periplaneta 

 oricntalis. , . , 



The author states that this organism, like Keru s Di- 

 spora caucasica, is cinstantlv disporous. B. buetchlii was 

 selected for studv of its inner structure, on account of its 

 large size. The nicmbraue did not give the cellulose re- 

 action. 



Seventy-three figures are given, illustrating inner 

 structure, sta'.ies in the formation of the spores lone lu 

 each pole of the rod), polar germination of tlie spores, etc. 

 The organisui is 2j to So m long 1)v ,1 to 6 /j. broad, mostly 

 so to ho M X 4 to s r 'The bacillus is flagellate, after the 



mauuer of J!, subtilis 



(99) 



Coo) 



(02). 



(■.38) 



('72) 



76). 



77)- 



XII. Flagella. 



EnRENia.Kij. See v. 

 ConN. Sec V. 



D.\Li.iKCER, A\'. H., -\ND Drvsd,\lE, J. J. On 

 itke e,\istenee of tlagella in Bacterium tcrmo. 

 Tlie Monlkly Microscopieal Journal, Sept. 

 k. i''~>7.T. pp. 105-10S. 

 W-AK.MiNf,, EiiG. Cm nogle ved Danmarks 

 Kyster levende Bakterier. Kjobenbavn, 

 1876. 

 Kocii. See Lv. 

 ('78). l),\LLiNf.F.R^ W. H. On the ineaMirement of 

 the diameter of tlie flagella of Bacterium 

 ■termo : a eontributi.an to the question of the 

 "Ultimaite limit of vi.'iion" with our present 

 lense.s. Jnurn. Roy. Micro.s. Sue., vol. r, 

 1878, pp 169-175, 2 platen. 

 Ih-om the mean value of ^..n measurements (50 with 

 each of 4 hi<^h-power otijectives) Balliuft-er crnicludes that 

 the diametel of the unstained fla,t;ellum of B. termo, in 

 round numbers, is one-two hundred and four thousandth 

 (i-2rqooo) of an inch. This is equal to about oue-ei<<hth 

 micron. 



('79). v.vxT TiKf.Hii.M. Piiii.U'rE Etiiiu.\Rti Lftdx-. Snr 

 les prctendus cils de^ baeleries. Bull, de la 

 Socicle Botan.ique de France, 1871), T. XXVI, 



pp. 37-45. 

 \'an Tie^hcm maintained tliat the flagella were moved 

 from within the body of the bacterium, the>- themselves 

 fiein.a inert gelatinous organs, and not vibra'tile cilia 



('89). I.iiEFi.'i.i.;r, F. Eine nene ^Methode zum Farben 

 der Mikrorirganisnien, im bcsondcren ibrer 

 Wimpcrhaarc unil (^'leiS'Seln. Centralb. t. 

 Bakt , VI Bd., 1880, No. 8-0, pp. 209-224, mit 

 8 Pbi itogrammen. 



('89). TrEnkm,\nn. k-be F;irliung der Geisseln von 

 SpiriUen tmd Bacillen. Centralb. t. Bakt., 

 VI Bd,, Oct. 15, 1889, No. 1(1-17, pp. 4,kV4.Vi. 



C90). MessE.n. Sec i,vi. 



('90). koEEi.'i.i.lR, F. Weitere Untersucbnngcn iilier 

 die k.eizung nnd F:irbung der Geisseln bei 

 den I'.akterieii. Centralb f. Bakt, Bd. VII, 

 1890, pp U2^-C\V)- 



i'fjo). TrEnkm.\nn. Die F;inbnng der Geis^eln von 

 Spirillen und Bacillen. 11. Mittb. Centralb. 

 1 Bakt., 1800, Bd. viir, No, 13, pp. 3S5-,iS9. 



Covers on which the bacterial film is dried without heat 

 are put for h to J2 hours in water containing 2 per cent 

 tanniti and rp. 5 to 0.2s of one ]ier cent hydrochloric acid. 

 They are subsequently washed for one hour in iodine 

 water, and then st. lined ^,2 hour in weak gentian violet 

 anilin water, made as follows : Into a test tube holding 

 2S ce. put a lew drops of concentratefl alcoholic solution 

 oi" gentian violet and add 10 cc. of distilled water. Then 

 ])Our out about one-half of this and fill n]) \vith anilin 

 water. The clear stain is said to color the flagella well ou 

 a leeblv-stained background. 



('r)i). 1 1 UMi'iiRKY, J. E Note^ ou Teehniqiic. 11. 

 Bot Gazette, 1891, pp. 71-7,5. 



Cilia of zoospores of alg:c and fungi are stained very 

 readilyaud sharply ''in a drop of moderately strong solu- 

 tion (in go per cent alcohol) of Ilanstein's rosanilliu- 

 violet, composed of equal ]iarts of fuchsin and methyl 

 violet," after first fixing them iu a couple of drops of I 

 per cent osmic acid solution. 



