electricity; R(j|':ntcen rays, ]':t(;. ; high pr]';ssure. 



-'45 



('oi). StrF.bei,, ITkrm \n'n. Untersuchunscn iiber die 

 baktcricidc Wirkuiifi; des Hnclispaiiniings- 

 funkenliobtcs nebst Angabe eiiier Methode 

 7Ur bcsscrcn Ausniitzung der baktericiden 

 Kraft des Voltabogenlichtes. 1 • med. 

 Wocbenscbr, Berlin, Bd. xxvii, igoi, pp. 

 00-72, pp 87-89. 



('oiV Ullm.vnn, JniiANxEs. Ueber die Einwirkung 

 elektriscben Bogcnlichts aiif Mikrinirgan- 

 ismen in Gegenwart von llmire'^ziercndcn 

 Stoften. Diss. Mi.inclien (Druck v. M. 

 Ernst), 1901, p. T7. 



XXXI. 



Action on Bacteria of Roentgen Rays, Ra- 

 dium Rays, Etc. 



( '0(1 ) \\'iTTLiK. T. I.es r.iyons Rontgen cxercent-ils 

 une action qnelconque snr Ics bactcries? 

 Ann, do micro , T. viii. 1S96, pp. 514-515. 



itgeu raj'S have no cHect npou 



Author finds that tlieKo 

 bacteria . 



( Oil) 



C'>7) 



( <J7 



(■<)7) 



]\JiNCK, F. Znr Fragc tiber die Einwirkung 

 der Runtgen'scben Strablen anf Bakterien 

 und ihre eventuelle tlierapentiscbe Verwend- 

 barkeit. Aliincliener mediz. AVochenscbrift. 

 1896, Bd, XI, III, pp. 101-102 and p. 202. 



Aiithor obtained onl\- negative resnlts. 



Pott, Fk,\ncis. Concerning tbe action of X- 

 rays on cultivaition of tubercle Bacillus. Tbe 

 Lancet, London, vol. II, for 1897 (55th 

 yean, pp. l„Si4-l,:iiS- 

 The tntiercle bacilhis was not affected l->y .X-ra^-.s. 



Blaise ET Samuuc. De I'actinn des rayons X 

 sur le Pync\-aneiis et la bactcridie cbar- 

 bonnen^e,' C. R. des se. et nicm. de la soc. 

 de biol , T. IV, loe serie, 1897, pp. 689-692. 



Little or no effect on these organisms. 



Beauregard i;t Guichard. Action des raynns 

 X sur certains cbaracteres biologique des 

 microbes. C. R. des se. ct mem. de la soc. 

 de biol, T. iv, loe serie, 1897, pp. 803-804. 



The bacteria are much less sensitive than higher or- 



('i)S) RiedER, Herm-nnn. A\'irkung der Rontgen- 

 strahlen auf Bakterien. Miincb. med 

 Wochenscbr., 45 Jabrg., lSg8, pp. ior-104, 2 

 -tex.t figures (exposed agar plates). 



Contrary to the statements of various other experi- 

 menters this writer says tli at he obtained posUive gernu- 

 cidal res'nlts on seven pathogenic organisms by exjiosm-es 

 lasting from ts minutes to I hour. The earlier literature 

 is cited. Volt.ihm's apparatus was use.). The ijhoto- 

 graphsshon- the center of the a.gar Petri-dish cultures 

 cleared of bacterial colonies 



(■|)8) AA'nbEEKDEN, NORRIS, AND FoRBES-RoSS, F. AV. 

 A prcliminarv note on tlie action of^ the 

 Roentgen ra\s upon the growth and activity 

 of bacteria' and micro-organisms. The 

 Lancet, London, June 25, 1898, pp. i,7S3- 



1,753- 

 Racillns prodigiosus on potato was exposed to the rays 

 for one hour cm several occasions, (ir.iwth was much 

 greater than in the control tubes, and more pigment was 

 formed. 



(■98). 



Coi). 



(•02) 



(04). 



RiEdEe, I-I. Wciterc Mittheilung iiber die 

 W'irkung der Rontgcnstrablen auf Bactericn 

 sowie auf die menscbliche LLaut. Mimcb. 

 med. Wochenschr., 45 Jahrg, 1898, pp. 773- 

 774. 



C.xsPARi, A\l LTeber die bactcrienschadigende 

 "W'irkung der Becquerelstrablen. X^ach in 

 Cemeinschaft mil Priv. Doc Dr. Ascbkinass 

 ausgefubrten A'er^uchen. Arch. ital. biol., 

 Turin, T. xxxvi, 1901, p. 130. 



Rn-:pi:R, LIermann Xodimals die bakterien- 

 lodtende Wirkung der Rontgenstrahlcn. 

 Mnnchener med. Wochenschr., Bd. XEix, 

 1002, pp. 402-406. 



PkESCuTT, S. C. The effect of radium rays on 

 the colon bacillus, tbe diphtheria bacillus 

 ■and yeast. Science, n. s., vol xx, Aug. 19, 

 1904, pp. 246-248. 



" Radium rays have no effect u]H.n fresh cultures of B. 

 oli,B. diphtheria, or SaccharoniN ces ceievisi:e at a dis- 

 luce r,f <uie centimeter where the time of exposure is 

 ;ss tliaii yo minutes. 



XXXn. Effect of High Pressure on Bacteria. 



('75). Bert, P. Lifluence de I'air comprime sur Ics 

 fermentations. C. R. des sc. de I'Acad. des 

 sci., Paris, 1875 T. Lxxx, pp. 1,579-1,582. 



('77). Bert, P. De I'emploi dc I'oxygene a haute 

 tension comme procede d'investigation physi- 

 ologiquc; des vcnins ct des virus C. R. des 

 se. de I'Acad. des sci., Paris, 1877, T. Lxxxiv, 

 pp. 1,130-1,1.^3. 



Coi). SciiAi'EER ET DE FreuhEnreiCii. De la resis- 

 t.ince des bacteries aux iiautes pression- 

 combinees avcc unc elevation de la tem- 

 perature Annales de Microg , T. iv, 1891, 

 pp. 105-119. 



Milk subjected to a piessure of many atmospheres 

 lys-M") fur several hours at .is'-'O- 03'-' C was not steril- 

 ized. High pressure for a week also failed to sterilize it. 



('93). d'Arsonval ET Cii.\RRiN. Prcssion et microbes. 

 Tva scmaine mcdicalc, 1893, T. xiii, p. 251. 

 Rev. in Centralb f. Rakt., Bd. xiv. 1893, p. 

 64. See also C. R. des se. et mem. de la 

 soc. de Biol., Paris, 20 mai, 1893, pp 532-533. 



B. pv'ocyaneus, in fresh bouillon cultures, was subjected 

 Lm a pressure cff 50 atmospheres under carbon dioxide- 

 All w ere dead inside of 2| hours EA'en two hours' exposure 

 interfered with the reproductive function, i. e., lessened 

 the number of oiganisms capable of producing colonies, 

 and ill cultures made after four hours' pressure only 

 traces of ability to form pigment remained. In enUures 

 made after six hours exposure there was no formation 

 of pigment, and generally no colonies when sown upon 

 ag.ar, but in one case there ivcrc a feiv. 



('94). d'Arsonn'.m, and Ciiarri.x. See xxxiii. 



('94). Roger. Action des hautcs prcssions sur Ics 



microbes. C. R. des sc. dc I'Acad. des sci , 



T. cxix, Paris, p. 963. 



Pressures ot i.nooto ,^,.000 atmospheres were tried with , 

 out destroying the bacteria. Certain functions, hMA\ever- 

 were destroyed, e. g., pathogenicity. 



('97). MaeEiTano, G. Sul coinportamento dei micro- 

 organismi aU'azinne dci gasi compressi. 

 Boll, della Soc medico-cbirurgica di Pavi.i, 

 1897. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxiii Bd , 

 1S98, pp. 233-236. 



