STdCK-CUr.Tl'RES, ETC.; r()l,(.)K-C HARTS; P[[OT<J<iRAl'm', ETC 



-'^'3 



('i),0. IIal'SKk. C llcl)cr Vcrwoiuhini;- dcs For- 

 ma] ins zur coiisijrviritiii;' \'on PKictericncuI- 

 tnren. IMiinclu'ii. mcd. W'ocheiischr.. iS().^. 

 Bel. XL. pp. 567^568. Rl'v. in Centra]l)/'f. 

 Bakt., Bd. xiv, 1893, p. 290. 



Ten or fifteen drops of fre--li formalin are put on filter 

 paper and placed under tlic- cover of the Pelri-dish cul- 

 ture. Tliis {■^ then exposed to the vapor of formalin in a 

 close room lined with wet filter paper, is drops of forma- 

 lin beina- placed on cotton and introduced for each 1000 

 cc. of air s])ace. As the formalin penetrates the deeper 

 layers of gelatin only slowly, a thin layer sliould be used 

 for liquefy ini:,'- orf:;-ani,sms.' The fornialin should he 

 allowed to act for several days, and be renewed once or 

 twice. The gelatin appears to be permanently disin- 

 fected, will not melt at any temperature, and is un- 

 changed m appearance. To have permanent preparations 

 it IS only necessary to keep them from drying out. 



(."93). IIausEr. G. AVeiterc j\'litteikiiif;cn uber Ver- 

 wendung des Formalins znr conservirnng 

 A'on Bacteriencultnren. IMiinchen. mod. 

 Woclienschr., 1803. Bd. xl. pp. 6s5'6=,6, No. 

 3S- l^ev. in Central!:), f. Bakt., Bd/xiv, t8'-)3. 

 pp. _|r,8-469. 



Describe-; a method of fixing and mounting colonies 

 taken from gelatin ]>late cultuies. 



("94). KruKckmA'NN. FvMIL. Fine Methode znr Hcr- 

 stcllimg" balctcriolooi-^clicr Mtiscen und Kon- 

 ?erviernng vi.m Bakterien. Centralb. f, 

 Bakt, Bd" XV. 1894, pp. ^Si-S-37. 



Fixes cultures ■^'ith mercuric chloride, etc.. and pre- 

 serves them in formalin, air-tight, in the dark. 



( •')-). Parks, W. C. C, and EyrK. J, W. FoniKilin 

 as a preservative for cnltivalinns of bac- 

 teria. Jour, of Path, and Bact., vol iv, 1S97, 

 pp. 41S-420. Also a separate, 3 pp. 



Tot). Conn, H. \Y. How can bacteria be satisfac- 

 torily preserved for museum specimens? 

 Science, n. s., vol. xin, 1901, p. 326. 



LHI. Stock-Cultures, How Best Kept; Vitality on 

 Media. 



rSo). Cz.M'i.itwSKi, R. Zur Anfage bakteriologisclier 

 Museen. Centralb. f. Bakt , vi Bd., 18S9, 

 pp. 409-411- 

 Tiiis method coii^ist^ in linnting the amount of air 

 whicli can reacli tlie culture liy saturatiiij? the upper part 

 of tlie cotton plug with melted paraffin. The chief objec- 

 tion to it is the increased difficulty of cleaning the dis- 

 carded tubes. 



('9S). LfNT. On a cniivenieiit nieth'"l nf preservinu' 

 livinif pure cultures of water bacteria. Rev. 

 in Centralb, f. Bakt,, xxni Ed., 1898, pp. 

 795-796- 



Certain water-bacteria mav be kept alive for t-ivo years 

 or more in sterile water, i. e. mucli longer tlian in ordi- 

 nary culture-media. 



Coo). Boi.iEV, Henry L, The duration of bacterial 

 existence and [in ''] trial environments. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt.. 2 -\l)t , vi Bd., igoo, pp 



Reports o-ettine a good growth of Bacillu.-i amylovorus 

 ai-d Bact. dianthi in agar and bouillon by transfers from 

 cultures which had been hermetically sealed for 9 years. 

 Tests of the pathogenic power of these cultures appear 

 not to have been made. 



f'oi ). Scnui.TZ. See vi. 



LIV. Color-Charts ; Nomenclature of Colors. 



CS6). RiiicwAV, RiiREKT. Ni.imenel.'itiire of colors 

 for naturalists. 105 water colors on ten 

 plates, with rules for making tbe same and 

 a .general discussion of colors. Boston, Lit- 

 tle, Brown c^ Co., 1886. 



Valuable, but out of print. Especially useful on 

 account oi^ the number of colors. Another edition in 

 preparation. 



('94). S.\cc.\RD0, P. .\ Chromotaxia sen nomen- 

 clator colorum polyglottus additis speci- 

 minibus coloratis arl iisum botanicorum ct 

 zoologorum. 2d ed. Padua. Typis Semi- 

 narii, 1894, 8vo., 22 pp., with two tables con- 

 taining ,s0 colors. 

 A cheap and useful color scheme for botanists. 



('o,t). Color chart under vSpcetrum, in the Standard 

 Dictionary, Funk and AVagnalls, New York. 



This may be had separately. 



("195). Shutti.Ewortii. E. B. Nomenclature of col- 

 ors for bacteriologists. Jour. Am. Pub. 

 Health .\sso , Oct, 1895, Annual vril. xx, 

 pp 403-407. 



('98). Prang, Troths. The Prang standard of color. 

 Popular ed , Boston, 1898. Folio. 



(' — ). Chart of Spectrum Scales made from the 

 Bradley cnlored papers. Milton Bradley 

 Co , Springfield, iMass. A small sheet ("about 

 3'Jx7'.'2 inches) with 90 colors. Also a 

 large folded chart (11x28 inches). 

 Colors are bright, but must be carefulU' jirotected from 

 the light. 



LV. Photography and Photomicrography. 



('77). Koch, Robert. Verfahren ?ur Untersuehun- 

 gen, zum Conserviren und Photographiren 

 fler Baeterien. Cohn's Beitrage, 11 Bd., 3 

 Heft, Breslau, 1S77, pp. 399-434, with 24 

 photomicrographs on 3 plates. 



('.81). Koch, R. Zur Untersiichung von pathogenen 

 Organismen. Mitth aus dem Kais. Oesund- 

 heitsamte, Bd. i, iSSi, pp. T-4S. 

 The paper is illustrated by S.^ heliotypes from i^hotomi ■ 

 crograph.s. 



('83). Sternberc, CiEo. M. Photomicrographs and 

 how to make them; pp. xv, 204, with twenty 

 plates of photomicrographs. James R. Os- 

 good & Co., Boston, 1883. 



('87'). Crookshank, Edgar M. Photography of bac- 

 teria Illustrated with 86 photographs re- 

 produced in autotype, pp. xix, 64, London, 

 IT. K. Lewis, 1887. 



('87). Roux, E. La phoitographie applinuee a I'etude 

 des microbes. Ann. de I'liist. Pasteur, T. t, 

 1S87, pp. 209-225. 



('88) Zettnow, E Das Kupfer-Chrom-Filter. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt.. 1S88. Bd. iv, pp. 51-52. 



This light filter is well adapted to photographing bac- 

 teria, whetlier they are stained red. blue or violet. 



This filter is made as follows : For use with sunlight, 

 160 grams copper nitrate and 14 grams pure chromic acid 

 diluted with water to 250 cc. More convenient to prepare 

 and suitable for most purposes iti a layer 1 to 2 cm. thick 

 is 17.S grams sulphate of copper and 17 grams bichromate 

 of potash dissolved in i litre of water. The copper-chrom- 

 filter transmits only a small portion of the spectrum, 

 viz., those yellow-green rays which act most strongly 

 upon erythrosin plates. For the concentrated solution 

 these rays are from -wave length 580 to ,s6o ; more diluted 

 from 590 to 545. 



