CROUPOUS RHINITIS IN CATTIvE AND HORSES. 



A pseudo-membranous inflammation of the nasal mucosa has 

 been especially noticed in cattle (Frank, Bollinger, Kitt,) and 

 under the same general conditions as in laryngeal croup. It is 

 characterized by inflammation of a very high type, with extreme 

 redness, many punctiform ecchymoses, a rough, uneven surface 

 destitute of its natural gloss, and, in 2 to 5 days, patches of false 

 membrane, varying in thickness up to about a centimeter. 

 Breathing is greatly accelerated, snuffling, or altogether oral. 

 There is high fever, especially if the morbid process extends to 

 the eye, larynx, lungs or intestine. In some cases it has fol- 

 lowed breathing of smoke and hot gases in stable fires ; in other 

 cases it has coincided with malignant catarrh or other affection. 

 For general treatment see Croup. 



As occurring in horses it has been attributed to irritant gases 

 inhaled, but as in cattle is probably microbian, at least to this 

 extent that the microbes determine and maintain the character 

 of the morbid process. The inflammation is intense, with deep 

 red, blood-streaked, petechiated, excoriated, swollen mucosa, 

 and a free discharge, yellowish, greenish yellow, grayish-red, or 

 blood-stained, and sooner or later the presence of shreds of 

 false membrane. The case is to be managed like croup, with 

 the advantage that the diseased surface is within easy reach. 



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