DEGENERATIONS AND NEOPLASMS IN THE HORSE'S 



NOSE. 



Hyperplasia. Nasal fibrous polypus, connection, form, size, bony distor- 

 tion, obstructed breathing, abrasion, ulceration, sloughing, sub-mucous 

 polypus, structure, degeneration. Symptoms : sneezing, snuffling, dis- 

 charge, palpation, bony swelling, tenderness. Treatment; forceps, hook, 

 ecraseur, knife, saw. Actinomycosis. Myxoma. Sarcoma, Carcinoma. 

 Consistency, structure, fcetor, glandular swelling. Treatment. Recur- 

 rence. Fatty tumors. Bony tumors : cancellated or compact tissue, 

 localized or exteniled. Cysts. Slrongyli. Angioma. Bone in pig's nose. 

 Varicosity. Color, obstruction to breathing, haemorrhage, cicatrization. 



These are essentially surgical diseases yet as they are con- 

 nected with Chronic Catarrh they may be profitably noticed here. 



I. Hyperplasia of Nasal Mucosa in Horse. Frohner, 

 DieckerhofE and Grawitz describe an abnormal growth and de- 

 generation of the nasal mucosa, affecting especially the lower 

 portion of the nose, which had its mucosa reddened, thickened, 

 roughened, and elevated in nodular swellings the size of a lin- 

 seed, barley grain or hazel nut, aggregated so as to cause an ex- 

 tensive elevation. These were yellowish red or grayish red, and 

 covered with a grayish catarrhal product. On microscopic sec- 

 tion it showed a fibrillar and cellular tissue, highly vascular, 

 and showing fistulous vacuoles containing epithelium as of the 

 distended mucous cells, covered with scally epithelium where it 

 was not ulcerated, next was a connective tissue layer, and finally 

 a firm, cell-infiltrated zone which with methyl-violet gave the 

 rose-colored reaction of amyloid. The essential cause of the hy- 

 perplasia was not discovered, but the tendency was to amyloid 

 degeneration, as found in infected or cachetic states of the 

 system. 



II. Fibrous Nasal Polypus. These are connected to the mu- 

 cosa by a pedicle or broad base, and vary in size from a pea to a 

 mass which fills the entire nasal chamber, projects from the nos- 

 trils and presses outward the septum and facial bones. At times 

 they weigh one or more pounds. They may cause whistling or 

 rattling in breathing, or may completely obstruct the passage of 

 air on the affected side. In time they may cause bulging or even 

 attenuation and perforation of the bony walls, projecting through 

 the hard palate or on the face. Sometimes the surface becomes 



