Degenerations and Neoplasms in the Horses Nose. lor 



the seat of granulation, ulceration, or sloughing, causing more or 

 less foetor. The large polypi make their main growth forward 

 and backward, moulding themselves to the form of the chamber, 

 and displacing the turbinated bones. They commence to grow 

 under the mucous membrane and as they grow and become more 

 loosely attached they carry this as an outer covering and pedicle. 

 When incised they show a structure of interlacing bundles of 

 fibres, with cell elements more or less abundant, according to the 

 rapidity of growth. Gravitz found amyloid degeneration of the 

 walls of the blood-vessels and mucous follicles, and of the fibres. 



Symptoms are difiicult breathing, snufHing, a smaller cur- 

 rent of air on the affected side, or none, sneezing, a watery, puru- 

 lent, bloody, or foetid discharge, and the appearance of the poly- 

 pus when the nasal chamber is examined in a good light. If be- 

 yond reach of vision the polypus may often be felt by the finger. 

 Care must be taken not to mistake the red, angry surface of the 

 turbinated bones in Catarrh for a polypus. If beyond the reach 

 of the finger, the flat sound on percussion of the nasal and frontal 

 bones on the affected side, and the persistently diminished flow 

 of air may serve for diagnosis. Tenderness shown on percussion 

 is common to this and abscess of the sinuses. 



Treatment. The horse having been cast with the diseased side 

 uppermost and the head turned to the light, the tumor is seized 

 with the fingers, the forceps, or hook, and drawn gently outward. 

 The chain of the ecraseur may be passed over it and slowly tight- 

 ened upon the pedicle until it is cut through. This will usually 

 obviate any laceration of the turbinated bones and consequent 

 bleeding. In case of serious haemorrhage check by cold water, 

 ice, the actual cautery, or by plugging. Polypi with a broad base 

 may be removed with a probe-pointed knife, curved on the flat, 

 and furnished with a long handle. The mass is seized with a vul- 

 sella and detachment made by passing the knife with the concave 

 side toward the tumor. In cases where the tumor cannot be seen 

 or reached some have resorted to slitting up the outer wall of the 

 nostril as far as the angle of union of the nasal and maxillary 

 bones, care being taken to make the incision outside the upper 

 end of the cartilage of the ala nasi. If too high to be satisfactorily 

 reached in this way the nasal or frontal bone may be trephined 

 over the body of the tumor as indicated by the flatness on percus- 

 sion, and the operation performed through the opening thus made. 



