Degeneration and Neoplasm in the Horse' s Nose. 103 



detached by the knife, and in other cases dense, and requiring 

 chisel, saw and forceps. In one instance the tumor grew from a 

 dense h}rpertrophy of the maxillary bone which could not be 

 entirely removed because the molar alveoli were implicated. 



VII. Cysts named by Roll and others as present in the mucosa 

 of the ethnoid cells in solipedes often contain larva of the 

 strongylus armatus. 



VIII. Angioma may be but an exaggerated development of the 

 abundant venous plexus and erectile tissue on the surface of the 

 turbinated bones. There appears to be at other times an actual 

 increase of the vascular tissue. As might be expected it has no 

 abrupt margin, but gradually shades off into the healthy tissue. 

 The prominent centre has a bluish red or brownish hue. It ob- 

 structs breathing, is apt to bleed under violent exertions in 

 draught, or in contested races, and readily ulcerates with a bloody 

 discharge. If it subsides and heals, it is followed by a whitish 

 puckering like the so-called cicatrix of glanders. 



FOREIGN BODIES IN NOSE OF PIG. 



In the Annales de Medicine Veterinaire for March, 1904, 

 I^enard records the case of a pig with snuffling breathing, which 

 disappeared when both nostrils were closed compelling the animal 

 to breath through the mouth. There was no sign of osteo- 

 malacia of the facial bones nor any appreciable thickening or 

 softening. The pig finally improved but was very paretic in its 

 limbs. 



When killed it presented in the nasal chambers 5 or 6 particles 

 of decomposing, loose, bone, averaging over an inch long by over 

 half an inch thick. They had led to destruction of the mucosa, 

 submucosa and septum nasi so that right and left nasal chambers 

 communicated. There were found gray hepatization of the lung, 

 ulcers and false membranes of the ileum and exostosis in the 

 articular extremities of the bones of the limbs. 



The bones had evidently been forced into the posterior nares 

 in coughing or vomiting, and had they been recognized might 

 possibly have been washed out by a stream of water passed 

 through the nose from behind or in front. 



In the horse a bolus given medicinally is at times coughed up 

 into the posterior nares, giving rise to a chronic nasal catarrh. 



