CATARRHAI, I^ARYNGITIS IN THE HORSE. 



ANGINA LARYNGITIS, CYNANCHE LARYNGEA, ETC. 



Definition. Causes, microbian, mechanical, cold, irritants, extension, 

 diet, debility, plethora, domestication, close stables, infectious disease. 

 Symptoms of acute form, head extended, throat swollen, tender larynx, 

 cough, in early stage, after exudation, wheezing in inspiration, dysphagia, 

 fever, cedema glottidis, spasms, dyspncea, successive^discharges. Lesions, 

 tumefaction, softening, friability, redness (ramified or not), erosions of 

 mucosa, oedema. Course, duration, sequelae, cough, roaring. Subacute 

 form, chronic form, in old debilitated animals, in those reined too tightly, 

 in those which perspire with difficulty or bear heavy coats. Symptoms, 

 local, in breathing, cough, effect of cold air, or water or of dust. Sequelae, 

 ossified cartilages, roaring, emphysema, bronchiectasis. Treatment, 

 hygienic, soothing, sheepskin, compress, poultice, mustard, sulphur dioxide, 

 laxative, neutral salts, expectorant, sedative, derivative, tracheotomy, with 

 trochar and cannula, with scalpel, tracheotomy tubes. Insufflation, injec- 

 tion. In chronic laryngitis, electuaries, mustard, derivatives, astringents, 

 caustics, tonic inhalations. 



Definition. I^aryngitis is inflammation of the larynx and 

 most commonly of its mucosa alone. 



Causes. These include all the ordinary causes of chest 

 diseases. In all alike microbes fill an important r&le, and these 

 not simply forms that are essentially pathogenic, which produce 

 spreading infections and epizootics, but simple saprophytic 

 germs, which are found on the laryngeal mucosa in health, and 

 which only become dangerously pathogenic when the integrity 

 of the mucosa is in some way impaired so that it falls an easy 

 victim to the microbian growth. The lowering of the vitality 

 and resistance is to be attributed to many different causes, some 

 of which operate through the general system, while others have 

 a more local action. Among the former may be named general 

 debility from insufl&cient or improper feeding or overwork, from 

 impure air, close confinement or darkness, or from stabling in 

 damp underground basements. These act more efficiently in 

 early youth, and in the old and debilitated. Debilitating diseases 

 may pave the way for an attack — indigestions, lung diseases or 

 valvular diseases of the heart, causing the circulation of carbon- 

 ized blood, nephritis, entailing the undue retention of waste 

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