154 Veterinary Medicine. 



mation of the jugular vein. A well-bred and very fast English 

 thoroughbred had been used for two years by his owner who was 

 a hard rider. In June, 1857, he was bled as a preventive 

 (saignee de precaution), suppurative phlebitis was induced and 

 was only cured at the end of six weeks. When again put to 

 work he proved a roarer and was still affected when seen six 

 months later. 



In connection with this it may be noted that the swelling in 

 connection with the inflammation of the vein extends easily to 

 the subjacent vagus and recurrent nerves, leading to their in- 

 flammation, functional inactivity and atrophy. Bleeding is 

 usually done on the left side of the neck so that the paralysis and 

 wasting would still be on the same side. Happily with a more 

 humane system of treatment, accidents of this kind are less fre- 

 quent than formerly. Glockner furnishes a case which followed 

 thrombosis of the carotid. 



(f . ) Reynal reports several cases in which roaring had occurred 

 as a sequel of inflammations and abscess about the throat, and in 

 which infiltrations or gray or yellow indurations had taken place 

 in the areolar tissue around the vagus nerve. As nothing is 

 more common than to find roaring resulting from severe sore 

 throat, parotitis, etc., this may explain its occurrence. 



Mandl first carefully examined the paralyzed muscles which pre- 

 sent to the naked eye a flattened and wasted appearance in marked 

 contrast to the full well-rounded forms of those on' the opposite 

 side. They differ no less in color. In place of the deep red of 

 the healthy muscles those on the diseased side are of a yellowish 

 white hue with here and there a pink streak indicating the posi- 

 tion of some unchanged muscular fibre. When placed under the 

 microscope the healthy elements of the muscular fibres (sarcous 

 elements) are seen to be replaced by granules of fat. The nerve 

 (recurrent; is not only visibly wasted, but its tubular white sub- 

 stance (white substance of Schwann) can no longer be recognized 

 and it approximates closely in character to a filament of ordinary 

 white fibrous tissue. 



17th. Muscular paralysis due to other causes and even located 

 in different parts has been known to give rise to roaring. 



Goubaux and others have noted the occurrence of roaring from 

 paralysis of one nostril, alike when the loss of power was special 



