Dyspnoea Laryngea. Roaring. Hemiplegia Laryngea. 157 



Symptoms. These, of course, are manifest enough while the 

 animal is sufficiently excited to give rise to the noise. Certain 

 indications may be obtained even while the animal stands in the 

 stable. If cough is excited by pinching the upper rings of the 

 windpipe it is prolonged into a groan. If led up to face a wall 

 and suddenly threatened with a cane the abrupt inspiration which 

 results is attended by a grunt. The absence of these symptoms 

 is not, however, sufficient to establish the non-existence of roar- 

 ing. The horse must be galloped or put to heavy draught to 

 fully test the breathing organs. Galloping up a steep hill is per- 

 haps the best test. A gallop over a recently ploughed field is 

 about equally good. Soft pasture land or an unpaved road is 

 preferable to Macadam or pavement. Galloping in a riding 

 school on the soft tan is an excellent measure as the sound is 

 confined and the animal is always within earshot of the exam- 

 iner. The person examining should either ride the horse him- 

 self or have a disinterested party, in no way connected with 

 either buyer or seller, to mount him. If the rider is in the in- 

 terest of the seller he may contrive to slacken the pace before he 

 reaches the examiner, or by irritating the horse may make it 

 difficult to approach him immediately on his being pulled up. 

 If in the interest of the buyer he may succeed, by the use of a 

 powerful bit, in drawing the horse's nose in to the chest, or by 

 compressing the larynx with a tight throat latch he may pro- 

 duce noise in breathing when the animal is suddenly brought to 

 a stand. Unless the course is up a steep hill or over a ploughed 

 field the horse should be galloped from five to ten minutes ; he 

 should be then made to pass close to the examiner at full speed, 

 and finally brought up suddenly by his side and without any 

 previous slacking of his pace. The ear should be at once placed 

 close to the nostrils, when the slightest abnormal sound accom- 

 panjdng the inspiratory act will be at once recognized. 



Draught horses are sufficiently tested by driving them in a 

 heavy vehicle or one with the wheels dragged. By walking 

 alongside or keeping the ear near to the nostrils any harsh sound 

 additional to the normal blowing noise of hurried breathing is 

 easily noted. 



The finger placed on the larynx detects the strong vibratory 

 tremor, and Friedberger notes that the left arytenoid is much 

 more easily displaced than the right, increasing the stridor. 



