Catarrhal Bronchitis. 205 



and in the front rank of diseases so caused stand pulmonary con- 

 sumption, and other destructive affections of the lungs. Perhaps 

 no better example of this can be given than that of the monkey 

 houses of the Zoological Gardens of I^ondon and Paris. While 

 these houses were small and ill- ventilated the monkeys died in 

 large numbers from pulmonary consumption, but after they had 

 been enlarged and better ventilated the mortality from this cause 

 nearly ceased. (Arnott.)" 



"Town dairy cows which are packed in close ill- ventilated 

 buildings and never allowed to go out are very subject to consump- 

 tion, while horses kept in no better conditions, but spending nearly 

 half their time in the open air, rarely have phthisis. (With lung 

 plague it will be remembered that the out-door exercise and min- 

 gling of herds leads to an increase of the mortality.) Horses 

 newly stabled suffer severely from diseases of the lungs. The 

 same holds true of human beings. A long list of careful observ- 

 ers have noticed the essential connection of lack of ventilation and 

 pulmonary consumption. Baudelacque, Carmichael, Arnott, I^e- 

 pelletier, Allison, Sir James Clark, Toyubee, Guy, Greenhow, 

 Sir Alexander Armstrong, Parks and Aitken have especially in- 

 sisted upon consumption being a sequence of a lack of ventilation. 

 Dr. Cormac indeed insists with great force that consumption is 

 originated by rebreathed air. 



' ' The notorious prevalence of consumption in sailors has been 

 directly traced to the impure air in which they sleep, and an ex- 

 tensive outbreak of lung disease (not tubercular), leading to 

 destruction of lung tissue, in the English Mediteranean squadron 

 in i860 was clearly traced by Dr. Bryson to the contamination of 

 the air. In a nursery hospital at Dublin, with entire neglect of 

 ventilation, 2,944 children died in four years, whereas after the 

 ventilation had been improved only 279 died in the same length 

 of time." 



" Parkes (Practical Hygiene) says : 



' ' ' But not only phthisis may be reasonably considered to have 

 one of its modes of origin in the breathing of an atmosphere con- 

 taminated by respiration, but other lung diseases, bronchitis and 

 pneumonia, appear also to be more common in such circumstances. 

 Both among seamen and civilians working in confined, close 

 rooms, who are otherwise so differently circumstanced, we find an 

 excess of the acute lung affection. 



