CATARRHAI, BRONCHITIS IN THE OX. 



Working oxen most susceptible, Causes, damp buildings, wet, cold, ex- 

 posed localities. Debility, overwork, poor feeding, close, foul stables, sud- 

 den changes of temperature. Previous attacks. Symptoms, mild form, 

 and severe, fever, sneezing, cough, dry, later soft, prostration, retraction of 

 nostrils, labored breathing, hot breath, discharge, watery, milky, purulent. 

 Duration. Complications and sequelae. Chronic form. Respiratory dis- 

 turbance, paroxysmal cough, purulent discharge, mucous and sibilant rales, 

 emaciation. Lesions. Treatment, laxative safer, expectorant, derivative 

 stimulant, etc., as in horse. Bronchitis in pigs and sheep. 



This is less common than the same disease in the horse, though 

 in working oxen, in which many of the same causes operate, it is 

 frequently seen. It is not infrequent in other cattle in damp 

 buildings, or in wet cold exposed situations. Debility from over- 

 work and poor feeding, often brings on the chronic form of this 

 disease. I/iving out in damp nights after a hard day's work is 

 another frequent cause. The enervating influence of the hot foul 

 air of many cow houses conduces to it and is specially injurious 

 if alternated with a chilling atmosphere out of doors. Previous 

 attacks strongly predispose to future ones. Microbes fill an im- 

 portant role in the inflamed weakened tissues. 



Symptoms. Some cases are so slight as to escape a cursory ob- 

 servation and subsiding in a few days leave the animal perfectly 

 well. Others are severe and may prove dangerous. 



The earlier symptoms are dullness, staring coat or shivering, 

 and sneezing, followed by reaction with hot clammy mouth, gen- 

 eral increase of temperature, rapid pulse, reddened nose and eyes, 

 and suspended rumination. The more characteristic symptoms 

 are a hard, dry hacking cough, not so resonant as in the horse, 

 but with open mouth and protruding tongue, and soon a mucous 

 discharge from the nose usually cleared away by the tongue al- 

 most as rapidly as formed. 



If the case increases in severity, and in many cases almost from 

 the first there is great depression, hanging head, semi-closed wa- 

 tery eyes, extreme movement of the nostrils, hot expired air, 

 labored action of the flank, complete loss of appetite, constipa- 

 tion, faeces covered by mucus, cough very hard, painful, oc- 

 curring in paroxysms and easily excited by touching the larynx 

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