CROUPOUS BRONCHITIS IN CATTLE AND SHEEP. 



Causes, smoke, hot air or gas, irritant inhalations, concomitant of in 

 fectious diseases. I^esions, intense congestion covered by fibrinous exu- 

 dates. Symptoms, slowly or suddenly developed, fever, loud, wheezing, 

 stertorous, panting breathing, dyspnoea, dry rales and blowing. Course. 

 Treatment, moist jacket, soothing, expectorant, stimulant inhalations, ex- 

 pectorants, derivatives. 



This affection has been found in cattle and sheep from exposure 

 to smoke, hot air or gas, and other irritants, and even from ex- 

 posure to cold, and without any suspicion of a contagious ele- 

 ment. Again it has been seen as a complication in Rinderpest, 

 lung plague and malignant catarrh. Gamaleia found it in sheep 

 associated with diplococcus lanceolatus and Mayrwieser as an 

 epizootic in all the animals of a brewery. I have seen it in a 

 valley in Central New York on watersheds running north to 

 Lake Ontario and South to the Susquehana, at midsummer, im- 

 plying an enzootic cause, yet not attacking all the cattle, but 

 only a few in a herd. In these cases the malady was very fatal, 

 the bronchi and bronchia becoming completely filled with false 

 membrane so that the animal died asphyxiated. The lesions are 

 those of tumefaction and extreme arborescent redness of the 

 mucosa, and the formation of patches of a dense fibrinous exu- 

 date of a yellowish color, in some cases completely obstructing 

 the tubes. The false membranes are friable and putrefy quickly. 

 Besides a fibrinous basis, they contain leucocytes and red 

 globules more or less altered, and an abundance of micro-cocci. 

 Cadeac inoculated the latter on the Guinea-pig on two occasions 

 without effect. The bronchia in which there were no false 

 membranes contained a tenacious mucus streaked with blood. 



Symptoms. The attack may come on slowly as in ordinary 

 bronchitis, while in other cases it is sudden. The respiration 

 being loud, wheezing, stertorous and panting and general dyspnoea 

 supervening. Ausculation furnishes loud, blowing sounds, dry 

 r^les and rouchi, while percussion may show no abnormal change. 

 A strong tremor is felt by the hand on the trachea, and after a 

 paroxysm of coughing false membranes may be expelled. If 

 234 



