238 Veterinary Medicine. 



of having fallen, or if he is able to get upon his feet, he stands 

 with his limbs apart to secure his stability, and with the elbows 

 turned out to facilitate the expansion of the chest. As the 

 breathing becomes panting the respirations are less deep, the ribs 

 are maintained permanently drawn outward, and the flanks rise 

 and fall to a limited extent only, but with great rapidity (eighty 

 to one hundred per minute). Auscultation may detect at first 

 an increase in the pitch of the respiratory murmur, and the 

 presence of the finest possible crepitation sound. Soon the mur- 

 mur decreases uniformly. The extremities are cold, and in 

 this coldness the general surface to some extent participates even 

 though it may be covered by perspiration. Tremors or rigors 

 are present. The heart is felt behind the left elbow to beat 

 tumultuously. If blood is drawn it flows in a thin, black, tarry 

 stream. 



In some cases blood more or less frothy is discharged- from the 

 nostrils as the result of rupture of pulmonary vessels. 



In the fulminant cases in cattle respiration is rapid, even pant- 

 ing, wheezing, the expiration attended by a hoarse grunt, some- 

 times nasal hemorrhage, great prostration, profuse perspiration, a 

 stupor sets in and the animal falls and dies, with more or less 

 struggling. 



In the cases which develop more slowly, and as the result of 

 cold and chill whether in horses or cattle, there is dullness, ano- 

 rexia, prostration, increasing rapidity and oppression of the breath- 

 ing, a small, frequent, hoarse cough, and at first distinct pallor of 

 the conjunctiva and pituitary mucosa, with more or less trembling. 

 The head is extended on the neck, toward an open door or win- 

 dow, if available, until prostration and stupor forbid. The pulse 

 is small, thready, often almost imperceptible and much accelerated, 

 while the heart beats are strong, violent, tumultuous. For a time 

 the respiration may not be more than double the normal rhythm, 

 but it tends to more or less rapid increase with wheezing or ster- 

 torous sounds and shaken by trembling of the respiratory muscles. 

 The nasal discharge is slight and grayish often with streaks of 

 blood. If it increases the cough becomes looser and softer. 

 Quite early the respiratory murmur decreases over the whole lung 

 and a blowing sound from the bronchia or larynx is heard on 

 the upper middle third of the chest. This may be complicated by 



