FIBRINOUS PNEUMONIA IN THE OX. 



Subacute in many cases. Effect of temperament and work. Acute form. 

 Symptoms. Decubitus. Unfavorable symptoms. Prognosis. Suppura- 

 tion frequent : indications. Gangrene. Coliquative Diarrhoea. Lesions, 

 Comparison with those of lung plague. Tubercle. Treatment, bleeding, 

 laxatives, refrigerant salts, derivatives, stimulants, tonics. Chronic form. 

 Symptoms. Treatment. 



In the large ruminants this disease tends more towards a sub- 

 acute type than in the horse, and coming on insidiously from or- 

 dinarj^ causes is liable to be confounded with the contagious pley.- 

 ro-pneumonia of the bovine race. As in the horse the nervous 

 animals show more violent symptoms. It is rare in milch cows 

 and young cattle and more frequent in work oxen. 



In the acute form the symptoms mainly agree with those of the 

 horse. There is the same shivering, followed by a hot stage, hy- 

 perthermia, the accelerated pulse, the short, quick, labored breath- 

 ing, heaving flanks, cough frequent, deep, hacking, and easily ex- 

 cited, dilating nostrils, redness of the mucous membrane, and 

 the same indications on auscultation and percussion, care be- 

 ing taken to obviate misconception of natural conditions in the 

 chest of the ox. There is in addition a dry muzzle, tenderness of 

 the back and breast bones and wincing when they are pinched be- 

 tween the fingers and thumb ; suspension of the appetite and rum- 

 ination, and in cows suppression of the secretion of milk ; the mouth 

 is often opened and the tongue protruded to facilitate breathing, 

 and in bad cases each expiration is accompanied by a moan or 

 grunt. In many cases the ox can lie on his flattened breast-bone 

 and maintain the breathing process, but when the disease is severe 

 he stands no less obstinately than the horse, his elbows turned 

 out, his nose protruded and directed towards a window or other 

 opening. 



Among the unfavorable symptoms may be mentioned increas- 

 ing anxiety and distress, a more oppressed breathing, the animal 

 standing constantly in one position with legs apart, elbows turned 

 out, his nose extremely raised, nostrils widely dilating, mouth 

 open, tongue protruded, the expiratory grunt deep and prolonged, 

 i8 273 



