Broncho- Pneumonia in Solipeds. 281 



lished. If then the microbes have not started primary colonies 

 in the infiltrated lung tissue, from microorganisms carried there 

 in the blood, they soon extend into it from the infected bronchia, 

 and broncho-pneumonia is definitely established. 



The more debilitated the patient has become, the more readily 

 do such hypostatic congestions and exudations take place, and 

 the greater the danger of infective invasion. This complication 

 is therefore to be looked for especially in poorly nourished, over- 

 worked and exhausted animals, and after old standing and en- 

 feebling diseases. 



The common causes of pulmonary oedema have a similar ten- 

 dency, hence insufficiency of the cardiac valves, dilatation of the 

 heart, disease of the kidneys, or even simple anaemia may be im- 

 portant elements in causation. 



Pressure by enlarged lymph glands, tumors, phlebitis, or other 

 neoplasm on the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve or the 

 sympathetic, predisposes to such congestions and oedemas, and 

 even the rigid contractions of tetanus may bring them about. 



Symptoms. These are those of bronchitis with violent 

 dyspnoea, wheezing, or grunting breathing, cyanotic mucosae, 

 and soon the existence of circumscribed lung areas which give 

 out a dull, flat sound on percussion in place of the normal pul- 

 monary resonance. Around such areas of flatness, there may 

 often be detected a line of crepitation, and in the centre of the 

 solid area the heart beats, bronchial blowing, or riles, or 

 abdominal rumbling may be louder and clearer than over the 

 same parts in health. These may be further complicated by 

 other abnormal sounds, as the flapping sound of dried exudate, 

 the amphoric sound of an open vomica, the crack pot sound of a 

 similar cavity with a closed valvular orifice, etc. The expectora- 

 tion tends to become more profuse and purulent than in fibrinous 

 pneumonia, and though the early rusty color may be absent it 

 may be yellowish and streaks of blood are not uncommon. 



Temperature usually runs high (104" to 106° F.) and if the 

 pneumonia is extensive there is much mental dullness and pros- 

 tration caused partly by the circulation of imperfectly aerated 

 blood and partly by the retention in the system of the waste 

 products of metabolism, and of the large amount of narcotic 

 toxins produced by the multiplying bacteria. The toxicity of 



