Septic Pleuro- Pneumonia in Ruminants and Pigs. 291 



altered by cryptogams or bacteria. I^et the feeding troughs and 

 racks be frequently cleansed and deluged with boiling water and 

 copperas solutions. Stables and pens are best made of cement 

 rather than the more porous wood, and should be well drained, 

 kept clean, and frequently whitewashed. The free introduction 

 of pure air without draughts is important. If the dam can be 

 sponged all over with a disinfectant and removed to a fresh un- 

 used stable before parturition, the bag sponged with a solution of 

 hyposulphite of soda (two ounces to the gallon), and not returned 

 to the infected building for some weeks, nor attended nor milked 

 by any one attending the animals in that building, the disease 

 may be avoided. Washing the body of the young animal and 

 particularly the navel, just after birth, with a solution of creolin 

 will greatly assist. In the warm summer season the disease may 

 often be cut short by keeping the dams and offspring in the open 

 fields for the first few weeks, which constitute the period of dan- 

 ger. The manure should be disinfected and removed from the 

 pens several times a day and fresh litter supplied, or the floor 

 and litter should be freely sprinkled with a solution of creolin, 

 copperas, or blue stone. 



Any young animal affected must be instantly removed from 

 its fellows and the pen disinfected. Each patient must be fed 

 separately from a pail or feeding bottle retained for its own ex- 

 clusive use. The udder or teats that it may have sucked must 

 be carefully washed and sponged with a solution of one-half 

 ounce hyposulphite of soda to a quart of water. If any milk has 

 been yielded by the dam before sponging it should be boiled be- 

 fore being fed. It is important to avoid undue distension of the 

 stomach by too heavy a feed, as the resulting indigestion lessens 

 the resistance to the invading germ. 



The carcase of an animal which has died of the disease 

 should be burned or deeply buried, all dejections thoroughly 

 disinfected, and the pen cleaned and whitewashed. No affected 

 animal should be allowed to enter on a public highway, public 

 place, field, yard or house lest the infecting discharges be left to 

 inoculate others. Common drinking troughs or vessels are of 

 course forbidden. 



All manure from the infected stable or pen should be burned 

 when feasible, or disinfected, or plowed under on ground to which 

 the genus of animals supplying it can find no access. 



