320 Veterinary Medicine. 



and I^aborde and by Cadeac had no pathogenic effect. Trasbot at- 

 tributes the pleurisy vaguely to the irritant effect of the exudate, 

 but it is clear that pleurisies are usually complicated by micro- 

 bian invasion even if this should be secondary rather than primary. 

 There are forms of pleurisy which are primarily the result of mi- 

 crobes, as in lung plague, contagious pneumonia, influenza, canine 

 distemper, glanders, tuberculosis, pneumo-enteritis, actinomycosis 

 and theoretically it might be supposed that in our ordinary acute 

 pleurisies, other germs that have been lurking harmless in the 

 system may take occasion, by reason of the lowered vitality in- 

 duced by a chill, or a trauma or fatigue, to colonize the thoracic 

 serosa and develope pleurisy. Under such a theory, the predis- 

 posing and microbian factors would remain equally effectual, 

 but only operative when conjoined, neither being strongly patho- 

 genic without the other. Still in inhalation broncho-pneumonia 

 the pleura clearly suffers through the microbian invasion from 

 the lungs. 



Until the constancy of the microbian factor is demonstrated we 

 must recognize the time honored doctrine, that pleurisy may be 

 due to cold, exposure, over exertion, to traumatic injuries, blows, 

 concussions, fractures, penetrating wounds and to extension by 

 contiguity from adjacent diseases. Yet microbes rarely fail to 

 invade the inflamed pleura. 



Most commonly pleurisy is unilateral on the right side but is 

 often on the left or on both sides. 



Symptoms. There is the early symptom of shivering followed 

 by a hot stage in which the limbs participate and partial sweats 

 bedew the surface. There are first uneasy movements of the fore 

 limbs with some lifting of the flanks and this discomfort increases 

 until the patient is panting with pain and occasionally glancing 

 round at his heaving flanks and even pawing as in colic. He may 

 even lie down carefully but quickly gets up again. If the pleurisy 

 is confined to one side the corresponding fore limb is often ad- 

 vanced before the other. The nose may be turned at intervals 

 toward the affected side. The temperature is 102" and upward. 

 The pulse is quick, hard and incompressible, being usually com- 

 pared to a jarred wire and beats from 48 to over 60 per minute. 

 The breathing is highly characteristic. It is hurried, is carried 

 on chiefly by the abdominal muscles to avoid the rubbing of the 



