344 Veterinary Medicine. 



vade the pleura, and tubercles in pleura or lungs or bronchial glands 

 will burst into the pleural cavity. Again sharp pointed bodies 

 swallowed will penetrate the gullet and start infection in the 

 pleura, and solid bodies obstructing the oesophagus, may be 

 forced through its walls, to enter and infect the serosa. Such 

 cases are not encouraging to treat, but simple penetrating wounds 

 may be more hopefully dealt with than in ruminants and solipeds. 



PURULENT PLEURISY (EMPYEMA) IN DOGS. 



Dogs are especially subject to inhalation pneumonia and 

 septico-purulent extension to the pleura. Distemper too when 

 implicating the lungs is very liable to extend into the pleura. 

 Otherwise purulent pleurisy in this animal is very liable to come 

 from mechanical injuries. Kicks by horses, cattle or men, and 

 blows with heavy clubs which fracture the ribs and lacerate the 

 pleura and even the lung, producing at the same time a local in- 

 flammation which smooths the way for the entrance of pus germs 

 are common causes. Penetrating wounds by shot, stable forks, 

 knives, horns of cattle or deer, and the tusks of the boar are 

 further causes. Sharp pointed bodies swallowed (pins, needles, 

 nails, and above all sharp pieces of bone) are liable to be arrested in 

 the gullet and to make their way through to the mediastimum 

 and pleura. One case is recorded of even an ear of a gramineae 

 passing forward through the diaphragm with its base directed 

 forward and its glumes feathered back like an arrow so that it 

 could not recede (Siedamgrotzky), and another in which a spike 

 of rye had perforated the bronchium and lodged in the pleural 

 cavity with resulting septic pleurisy. I have known part of a 

 sheep's vertebra, to be lodged in a dog's oesophagus for two 

 months, the animal being sustained meanwhile by the milk that 

 passed it. Such obstructions cause inflammation and infection 

 proportionate to the size, the sharp points, or roughness on the 

 surface. 



Other cases of purulent pleurisy are the result of ruptured 

 tubercles, cancers and other morbid products in the chest. 



Lesions. Pleurisies resulting from inhalation pneumonia have 

 the general lesions of the bronchia and lungs that mark that 

 complaint, together with an excessive, foetid effusion, of a dark 



