Pulmonary Emphysema in Cattle. 349 



nosis is often assisted by the presence earlier of some inflam- 

 matory afEection of the lungs : bronchitis, pneumonia, broncho- 

 pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc. , which has determined 

 the alveolar distension and rupture. In inhalation-bronchitis 

 above all, there is liable to be the subcutaneous tympany in the 

 breast, or on the sternum or shoulder. Auscultation may detect 

 modified sounds, subdued or exaggerated respiratory murmur, 

 wheezing, sibilant sounds, or even crepitation. 



In very extensive cases there may be extreme dyspnoea, 

 hurried breathing, violent lifting of the flanks, open mouth, 

 pendent bluish tongue, and fits of coughing, with tympany 

 (Sarradet). This form, which occurred in paroxysms, several 

 times a day and continued to appear for fifteen days, when it 

 entirely subsided, was manifestly something more than simple 

 emphysema though that was an accompaniment of the affection. 



Treatment. Prevention must be sought by obviating inflam- 

 mations of the air passages and all causes of violent and persistent 

 cough. In the same way extreme heat, close buildings, ex- 

 posure in the hot sun, and violent exertions should be avoided. 

 To give better tone to the vagus nerve a long course of arsenic 

 may be given with or without nux vomica and digitalis. Indi- 

 gestible food, overloaded stomach and tympanies should be 

 corrected. I,axatives, and moderate, easily digested, laxative 

 diet may be given, and free access to abundance of pure water. 



