Chronic Pleurisy. 361 



tion the animal has difficulty of breathing when recumbent on the 

 sound side and subcutaneous infiltration is felt or seen beneath the 

 sternum or in the limbs. The affected side shows an increased 

 dimension, vertical and longitudinal, of the chest, and the inter- 

 costal spaces in their lower part bulge out and fluctuate. 



In cows and indolent animals there may be a quiescent condi- 

 tion or very slow progress, but any violent exertion is likely to 

 give a sudden stimulus to the morbid process. 



Lesions. The liquid effusion, usually unilateral, except in the 

 horse may amount to 40 quarts in the latter animal, 30 quarts in 

 the ox (Rigot), and 5 to 6 quarts in the dog. Unless there has 

 been a recent sudden accession of inflammation it is of a pale 

 straw color, with, in the dog, a slight rosy tinge. It clots loosely 

 on exposure to the air and contains a large amount of albumen 

 and few cell-forms. The false membranes are thick and white at 

 some points and red and vascular at others. In the main they 

 are completely organized. The lung is more or less collapsed and 

 the right heart dilated and attenuated. 



Treatment must be in the main tonic, diuretic and derivative. 

 Food must be nourishing, digestible and in liberal amount ; diur- 

 etics and bitter tonics with digitalis and, (if there is little fever) 

 preparations of iron are to be pushed as far as the strength will 

 allow ; aud the counterirritants applied to the sides of the chest 

 a number of times in succession. Iodides may be used internally 

 and externally, and paracentesis must be employed unless early 

 improvement is manifested. 



