430 Veterinary Medicine. 



Stephenson probably weighed the heart while filled with blood. 

 A diseased heart weighed in this way by Thomson amounted to 

 34 lbs., one by Gerlach, 19 lbs., an ox's heart by Herran, 36 lbs. 

 In Stephenson's case there was further an extraordinary dilatation 

 of the anterior vena cava. Haycock (Veterinarian, 1850), records 

 a case in which though the heart only weighed 10 lbs. 8 oz., yet 

 the walls of the ventricles were double the normal thickness, those 

 of the left being 2j{ inches while those of the right were i inch. 

 An estimate from the thickness of the walls, it must be borne in 

 mind, is not so satisfactory as the absolute weight taken after the 

 removal of the large vessels, the superfluous fat and the con- 

 tained blood. 



Horse. Causes of hypertrophy. The following conditions in 

 different cases proved active factors in causing hypertrophy : 

 chronic endocarditis with insufficiency of the auriculo- ventricular 

 valves (Schaffer, Haycock, Hill) ; stenosis of the arterial orifices 

 (Trasbot, I^ustig, Osterman, Cadeac) ; exostosis on tenth and 

 eleventh vertebrae pressing on the posterior aorta (Pirl) ; exten- 

 sive melanotic deposits in the spleen, liver, kidneys and mesen- 

 teric glands (Halloway) ; aneurism of the femoral artery and in- 

 sufficiency of the aortic valves (Gueripell) ; sclerosis of the walls 

 of the posterior aorta (L,ascaux) ; stenosis of the right renal 

 artery and atrophy of the kidney (Cadeac) ; thrombosis of the 

 iliac arteries (Cadeac) ; emphysema, chronic (fibrous) pneu- 

 monia, tuberculosis (Cadeac) ; pleurisy, chronic hydrothorax 

 (Percivall, Cadeac); hypertrophy of the liver (Henderson) ; ex- 

 opthalmic goitre (Cadiot) ; gestation (Cadeac) ; myocarditis, 

 pericarditis. 



Cattle. Causes of hypertrophy . Cattle take less compulsory 

 exertion and suffer less from hypertrophy. Tuberculosis and 

 emphysema are the most common causes, but it has coincided 

 with a perforating opening in the septum ventriculorum (Eisen- 

 blatter), and myxoma of the septum auriculorum (Koch). 



Dog. Causes of hypertrophy . I,ike other heart diseases this 

 is common in dogs. It occurs from habitual violent exertion ; 

 hepatitis ; tuberculosis of the lung ; valvular insufficiency ; 

 aneurisms of the aorta from spiroptera sanguinolenta (Cadeac) ; 

 aneurism of the pulmonary arteries from filaria immitis (I^aw, 

 Cadeac) ; myocarditis (Cadeac) ; and, it is alleged, frequent and 

 prolonged generic excitement (Fricker). 



