HYPRO^MIA. ANEMIA OI.IG^MIA. 



Definition. Causes : bleeding, watery repair, hydroseniia, repair of 

 globules, changes in red globules, in bone marrow. Cause of chronicity : 

 profuse secretions ; neoplasms ; parasites ; chronic exhausting diseases ; 

 defective diet or hygiene ; diseases of jaws or throat ; overwork ; toxic 

 substances. Symptoms : palid mucosae, weakness, perspiration, soft 

 tissues, small pulse, palpitation, anaemic heart — arterial and venous mur- 

 murs, depilation, indigestion, costiveness, urine clear, abundant, emaciation. 

 Lesions : blood poor in globules, embryonic, and other abnormal red 

 globules, fatty degeneration, blood clot. Treatment : remove causes, diet, 

 hygiene, sunshine. 



Definition. Bloodlessness ; Deficiency of blood ; I^ack of red 

 blood globules. The last named is the condition to which the 

 term is habitually applied. 



Causes. Anaemia is not so much a disease, as a result of a 

 great many debilitating and exhausting conditions. Haemor- 

 rhage the most direct cause of anaemia determines at first an 

 actual lack of blood (oligaemia) and of blood pressure, which 

 may be sufi&cient to cause fainting and death. In case of sur- 

 vival the amount of blood is rapidly made up by absorption from 

 all available sources of liquid in the economy, but the blood so 

 restored is essentially hydroaemic having an excess of water and 

 a lack of globules and dissolved solids. If, however, the loss 

 has been moderate, the quality may be restored in a few days. 

 Buntzen found that after moderate bleeding the volume is re- 

 stored in a few hours ; after a profuse haemorrhage in 24 to 48 

 hours. After bleeding to i.i to 4.4 per cent, of the body 

 weight the increase of the red globules may be noticed after 24 

 hours, and is completed in 7 to 34 days. It is noteworthy that 

 during this repair the bone marrow becomes much redder and 

 more cellular, and that new red cells found in the blood are 

 nucleated (Neumann) and contain less haemoglobin (Ott). The 

 absence of haemoglobin is nearly in proportion to the amount of 

 the haemorrhage (Bizzozero, Salvioli). If the haemorrhage is 

 slow and continuous, this repair is counterbalanced and the 

 anaemia is much more persistent. 



Profuse secretion as of milk (cows, goats, ewes, bitches, on 



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