Hyproczmia. Anamia Oligcemia. 525 



mur with the first heart sound. Arterial and venous murmurs 

 may be present. The hairs are easily detached. Appetite and 

 digestion fail, there is costiveness, a full secretion of urine of a 

 clear aspect, the subcutaneous fat disappears and the skin feels 

 thin and limp (paper skin in sheep), the hair dry and lusterless, 

 the wool flattened (clapped). The weakness and emaciation go 

 on increasing and dropsies appear in the limbs under the trunk 

 and jaw and in the internal cavities. 



Pathology. Lesions. Apart from the causes, the morbid con- 

 ditions are mainly found in the blood. The watery state of the 

 blood, the lack of red globules (even to but 2,000,000 per cubic 

 millimeter), the absence of albumen (76 per 1000 in place of 83), 

 the loose coagulum with excess of buffy coat, and the excess of 

 serum are characteristic. The presence of large, nucleated 

 (myelogenous) red cells, of spherical bodies smaller than the 

 normal red cells (microcytes), and of irregularly shaped red cells 

 (poikilocytes) is characteristic, the latter especially, of pernicious 

 ansemia. As the disease advances fatty degeneration of heart, 

 liver, kidneys, and other organs are complications and tend to 

 aggravate the disease, by counteracting repair of the globules — 

 thus establishing a vicious circle. All the organs are pale and 

 flaccid, the arteries empty, the veins contain a little blood, form- 

 ing pale clots. In the cases considered, all the result of another 

 disease, the lack of blood and of the solid and vital elements in 

 that which remains, entails imperfect function in all the vital pro- 

 cesses, including sanguification itself, and in this way an anaemia 

 once established tends to perpetuate and aggravate itself. 



Treatment. The ansemia above considered being largely symp- 

 tomatic, or resultant from other diseases, the first consideration as 

 regards both prevention and treatment is to prevent or cure such 

 diseases. Where dietetic or hygienic, a liberal diet, and good 

 hygiene will meet every demand in the early stages. In the 

 warm season an open air life is most important. In case of a 

 drain by over-secretion (milk) this must be judiciously checked. 

 In bitches it will often be needful to wean several of the puppies. 

 A rich and very digestible diet (oats, beans, linseed, oil meal, 

 milk, gruel), in small compass, and suited to the genus and indi- 

 vidual, with iron and bitters, and in the herbivora carminatives, 

 will suit many cases. Muriate of iron, with strychnia or nux 



