I^YMPHADENOMA. HODGKIN'S DISEASE. 



Definition. Relation to leukaemia. Causes. Mainly accessory. State of 

 lymph glands, spleen, liver, bone marrow, intestine, tonsils, thymus, kid- 

 neys, liver, lungs, bronchial mucosa, pleura, pericardium, nervous system. 

 Symptoms, as in leukaemia, -with adenoid hyperplasia, but little leucocy- 

 themia. Relation to glanders. Uric acid, low density, no hippuric 

 acid. Tuberculin and mallein tests. Treatment as in leukemia. Excision 

 in cases not constitutional. Phosphorus, phosphide of zinc. 



Definition. Hypertrophy of the lymphatic glands with little 

 or no leucocytosis. There may further be lymphoid growths in 

 the liver, spleen, bone marrow and other organs. 



The visceral lesions in lymphadenoma do not differ in charac- 

 ter from those of leukaemia, and as it does often apparently merge 

 into that disease by the characteristic changes in the blood, it is 

 denied by many that it constitutes a separate pathological entity. 

 In his admirable monograph on leucaemia in the lower animals 

 Nocard affirms their identity. The main excuse for keeping up 

 an alleged distinction, is the frequent absence of leucocytosis, 

 and this often supervenes after the lymphadenoma has existed 

 for some time. 



Causes. As in leucaemia, no definite cause can be found in the 

 majority of cases. An accessory cause can sometimes be observed 

 where a local irritation gives rise to swelling of the adjacent 

 lymphatic glands and this goes on to distinct lymphadenoma. 



Lesions in the Lymph Glands. The hyperplasia may affect 

 but a single group of glands, more commonly a number of groups, 

 and often nearly all. In one case only of leukaemia in the lower 

 animals, a dog, has Nocard failed to find the lymph glands 

 affected. In the horse he has found the sublumbar glands alone 

 weighing 14.5 kilogrammes, 1 1 k. and 8 k. They compressed the 

 posterior aorta and vena cava and had caused extensive ascites. 



The enlarged glands are white, gray, or in case of rapid growth, 

 veined or pointed with red ; they may be soft or firm according 

 as the hj^erplasia has operated most on the trabeculae or the 

 cells ; they are homogeneous throughout. The scraping of the 

 cut surface gives a more or less thick milky juice containing a 



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