THE FLOWER. 



41 



8. A rotate (Lat. rota, wheel), or wheel-shaped calyx or co- 

 rolla, is one in which the tube is very short or wanting, and the 

 lobes spread at once (Fig. 68). In the salverform corolla, the 



Fig. 58. 



Fig. 59. 



Fig. 60. 



spreading limb or border is raised on a narrow tube, and forms 

 a right angle with the latter (Pig. 59). The campanulate 

 (Lat. campanula, bell) denotes a bell-shaped calyx or corolla 

 (Fig. 60). The tubular form spreads above but little. The 

 two upper petals maj' unite closely and form a kind of upper 

 lip, and the three lower ones unite to form a lower lip. In 

 such case the corolla is labiate (Lat. labium, lip). The calyx 

 may also be labiate, or two-lipped. 



9. Examine a flower-head of a Sunflower ; it will be seen to 

 consist of numerous florets, with tubular corollas interspersed 

 with the bristles or chafi'. There will also be found a row of 

 marginal flowers, called ray flowers. These have strap-shaped 

 corollas, which are said to be ligxdate (Lat. ligiila, tongue). In 

 the Dandelion all of the florets are ligulate. A curious shape 

 is presented by the Pea or Bean. The corolla is choripetalous, 

 very irregular, with a vague resemblance to a butterfly, and 

 for this reason it has received the name papilionaceous (Lat. 

 papilio, butterfly) ; the upper and larger petal is called the 

 banner, the two side petals are called the vmigs, and the two 

 anterior ones, generally cohering slightly and enclosing the 

 stamens and pistil, are called the keel. The flowers of the 

 Cress, Mustard, Cabbage, etc. have four petals, arranged two 

 and two opposite, somewhat like a Greek cross, and they are 

 said to be cruciform (Lat. crux, cross). 



