58 



ELEMENTARY BOTANY. 



seeds, should be made. In short, practical work of the kind mentioned in 

 previous chapters should also here be faithfully carried on. Fruits and 

 seeds should as far as possible accompany herbarium specimens of the species 

 of plants (see last part of Chapter XI. ). They can be enclosed in paper 

 pockets, which are to be glued to the species sheet. 



2. Many of the dry fruits are dehiscent, that is, break open 

 at maturity. Examples of such are those of the Columbine, 

 Shepherd's Purse, Pea, etc. Indehiscent fruits, or those that 

 remain closed at maturity, are seen in case of the Maple, 

 Thistle, Gourd, Apple, Grape, etc. This class includes both 

 dry and fleshy fruits. Very many kinds of fruits have special 

 names, only the most common being here mentioned. Two 

 monolocular dehiscent fruits that are formed of a simple pistil 

 are the follicle and legume. The follicle ruptures at maturity 

 along one side only — that which corresponds to the united 

 edges of the carpellary leaf (Fig. 87). The fruit of the Peony, 

 Larkspur, etc. are examples of the follicle. The legume splits 

 into two parts at maturity — one line of separation correspond- 

 ing to the united edges, and the other to the mid-rib, of the 

 carpellary leaf (Pig. 88). The pods of the Pea, Honey-locust, 

 Redbud, Clover, etc. represent the legume. 



3. The term capsule denotes a dehiscent fruit or pod of 

 any compound pistil, as of Purslane, Violet, etc. A modifi- 

 cation of this is seen in the fruit of the plants of the Mustard 



Pig. 87. 



Fig. 88. 



Fig. 89. 



Fig. 90. 



family, where the pod has two parietal placentas, from which 

 the two valves forming the wall separate; it is called a 



