TBE FRUIT. 



59 



silique (Fig. 89). A very short silique like that of the Shep- 

 herd's Purse, Pepper-grass, etc. is called a silicle (Fig. 90). A 

 winged one-seeded indehiscent fruit is called a samara (Fig. 

 91). The fruit of the Elm, Ash and Wafer-Ash are examples ; 

 that of the Maple is a double samara. In the Sunflower, Dan- 



Capule 



Ctipule 



Fig. 91. 



Fig. 92. 



delion. Wild Lettuce, Anemone, etc. the fruit is dry, mono- 

 locular, one-seeded and very much resembles a seed itself; 

 such a fruit is called an akene. The nut, as the hazelnut, 

 acorn, hickory, is like an akene but larger and is often en- 

 closed or surrounded by a kind of involucre called a oupule 

 (Fig. 92). 



4. The most common fleshy fruits that have received spe- 

 cial names are the drupe, pome and berry. The drupe is 

 illustrated by examples like the peach and the cherry ; the 

 outer part is fleshy and the inner is hard or stony. The 

 pome has several carpels of parchment-like or stony texture 

 surrounded by a fleshy covering. The apple, pear, quince, 

 and Hawthorn fruit are familiar examples. The berry is a 

 fruit which is fleshy throughout, as the grape, tomato, cur- 

 rant, cranberry, banana, etc. 



5. Very many fruits are furnished with appendages which 

 are important organs for their dissemination. Conspicuous 

 among these may be mentioned the membranous wings seen 

 in the Maple, Box- Elder, Elm, Ash, etc. Fruits furnished with 

 such an appendage will be readily transported by the wind, 

 often to considerable distances. The fruits of the Thistle, 

 Dandelion, etc. are still better equipped for such transporta- 



