22 ELEMENTARY BOTANY. 



have the same arrangement on the stem as the leaves have. 

 In a few cases, as in the Soft Maple, etc., there are accessory 

 buds, that is, one or more buds added to the side of the axil- 

 lary bud. When the buds develop at irregular places they 

 are said to be adventitious. 



7. When a bud is carefully dissected it is seen to consist ex- 

 ternally of scales, usually numerous and overlapping each 

 other in an imbricate manner. These scales are really small 

 leaves. They cover and protect the central portion of the bud, 

 which is the delicate growing end of the branch. Often the 

 outer scales are covered with resin or varnish or the inner 

 scales bear woolly hairs, protecting the growing point very 

 effectually against rain and the extremes of temperature. 

 The following season some of the buds — especially the upper- 

 most and a few of the lateral ones — develop into branches. 

 The others remain dormant, or in some cases may be forced 

 later into development. The buds referred to in this para- 

 graph are sometimes spoken of as leaf-buds in contradistinc- 

 tion to flower-buds, or those which develop directly into 

 flowers. 



Short twigs of the common slirubs and trees should be collected in the 

 early spring to illustrate the arrangement of the buds and to show the varia- 

 tions in shape, size and other characters. Draw outline figures of each. For 

 preservation the twigs can be attached to a sheet of cardboard by thread or 

 by means of narrow gummed paper strips or narrow strips of court plaster. 

 The name of the plant from which each twig is taken should be written under 

 the specimen. Large buds (as the Lilac, etc.) should be selected for dissec- 

 tion and for slicing vertically (from below upward) through the centre to ex- 

 hibit the growing point surrounded by the scales. Use the lens and make 

 an outline figure showing all the parts. Make drawings also of separate 

 bud-scales. 



