INTRODUCTION. 



PAGES 



\Vhen and How to Study Botany : Specimens in hand — Plants 

 available at all seasons — Knowledge direct, not second-hand — Use 

 of the note-book — Drawings — Preservation of specimens . 7-9 



CHAPTER I. 

 Seedlings: Parts of the plant — Germination — Caulicle— Cotyledons 

 — Dicotyls — Monocotyls — Plumule — Radicle — Cotyledons a sur- 

 vival of the earlier foliage . . ... . .... 10-13 



CHAPTER II. 

 Roots : Functions — Eoot-hairs — Food — Entrance into the soil — True 

 roots — Primary roots — Reservoirs of food — Duration — Adventi- 

 tious and aerial roots 14-18 



CHAPTER III. 

 The Stem : Herbaceous — Woody — Culm — Stolons — Runners — Ten- 

 drils — Spines — Thorns — Rhizome — Tuber — Bulb — Conn — Mono- 

 cotyledonous type — Dicotyledonous type — Medullary rays — Wood 

 —Bast— Cambium— Buds . . 19-22 



CHAPTER IV. 

 The Leap : Function — Foliage — Modified forms —Arrangement — 

 Radical — Cauline — Spiral arrangement — Parts — Venation — Shapes 

 — Base — Apex — Margin — Compound — Surface — Stipules .... 23-33 



CHAPTER V. 

 The Inflorescence : Indeterminate — Raceme — Corymb — Umbel — 



Spike — Spadix — Catkin — Head — Panicle — Determinate — Cyme . 34-36 



CHAPTER VI. 

 The Flower : Modified branch — Peduncle — Pedicel— Bract — Spathe 

 — Involucre — Receptacle — Function — Parts — Essential organs — 

 Plan — Arrangement of parts — Cohesion — Forms of Corolla — Adhe- 

 sion — Stamen — PistU — Placenta — Angiosperms — Gymnosperms . 37-45 



5 



