STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



60 



Cut IX. 



The carpellarj scales and naked ovules of the Oym- 

 nosperms have been already sufficiently described in § 45. 



109. The stamen's vary in number. A flower with a 

 solitary stamen is monandrous. The terms dicmdrous, 

 triandrous, tetrandrous, p9n,tcmdrous, etc., and pol/yrm- 

 drous, signify furnished with 2, 3, 4, 5, many stamens. 

 Compare § 67. When the stamens are very numerous, 

 they are arranged in several rows. 



Stamens take their origin from floral leaves in the same 

 way as pistils. The filament represents the petiole, and 

 the anther the blade of a leaf. The blade curved in, until 

 each of its edges unites with the midrib, forms a 2-celled 

 anther. The usually well-marked stripe, which exi ends be- 

 tween the anther-cells, answering to the midrib of the 

 leaf, is the conneclme or conneotile. The anther is the 

 essential part of the stamen (see § 33), and commonly it 

 is 2-lobed and 2-ceUed — rarely i- or 1-celled. It is the 

 function of the anther to produce pollen, and discharge 

 it at maturity. 



"With regard to their position, the stamens are hy- 

 pogynous, when they spring from the receptacle below the 

 ovary or ovaries (Cut X., Fig. 1) ; perigynous, when they 

 are inserted on the calyx around the ovary (Fig. 2) ; epipe- 

 talous, when they are fixed on the corolla; epigynous, 

 when they stand on a level, answering to the summit of the 

 ovary so as apparently to spring from the top of this or- 



