STBUCTUBAL BOTANY. 75 



spicuoiis portion of which is superadded. Fruits of this 

 sort are also seen in Gaultheria and Shepherdia. In these 

 plants the fleshy part of the fruit is calyx ; it encloses a 

 dry pod in Gaultheria, and an achenium in Shepherdia ; 

 and this fleshy part is perfectly free from the ripened 

 ovary. 



131. "We may divide fruits into two principdl classes 

 . — namely, 1st, simple fruits, and 2d, multiple (collective, 



or confluent) y^-wi^s. 



Simple Feihts. 



132. Simple feuits are those which result from the 

 ripening of a single pistil, whether with or without a 

 calyx or other parts of the flower adherent to it. Most 

 fruits belong to this class. 



They may be divided into three sorts — namely, 1st, 

 fleshy fruits ; 2d, stonefruits, and 3d, dry fruits. 



Fleshy feuits are the berry, the hesperidium, the pepo, 

 and the pome. 



Stone-feuits are the drupe, the tryma, and the etserio. 



Det FEmrs are the achenium, the utricle, the caryopsis, 

 the nut, the samara, the follicle, the legume, the loment, 

 the pyxis, the capsule, the siliqtie and silicle. The last 

 seven of these dry fruits are dehiscent; the rest, the 

 utricle of Amaranth excepted, indehiscent. The dehiscent 

 dry fmits are all 1-celled, except the silique and silicle,' 

 which are 2-carpelled and 2-celled, and the capsule (which 

 includes all other forms of dry dehiscent fruits from any 

 compound pistil). 



1. Fleshy Feuits. 



133. The EEEEY (bacca) is a fruit with a thin-skinned 

 pericarp and a pulp within, which contains the seeds 



