STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 77 



bling cherries, and attached to an elongated receptacle. 

 This sort of fruit belongs to the Blackberry and Easpberry. 



3. Det FKurrs. 



a, IXDEHISCENT DET FEIJITS. 



140. AcHEOTUM, or akene, is the term applied to all 

 1-seeded, dry, hard, indehiscent and seed-like small peri- 

 carps (such as might be taken for naked seeds). The 

 pericarp is tipped with the remains of the style. It is 

 seen in the Buttercups, Anemone, Clematis, Geum, Straw- 

 berry, the Composites, and Umbelworts, the latter hav- 

 ing a double achenium, called cremocarp, consisting of 

 two mericarps (achenia), etc. 



(Figures : PI. VI., 4, cremocarps ; PI. YII., 65, ache- 

 nium with a pappus of bristles i Cut XY., Fig. 1, ache- 

 nium of a Eanunculus, vertically divided, magnif.) 



The achenia of the Composites are usually crowned 

 with a pappus representing the calyx-limb, in the form of 

 bristles, or (Cut XY., 2, 3, 4) they have a crown of 

 scales or teeth. (Fig. 2, achenium of Cichorium ; 3, of 

 Helianthus ; 4, of a Bidens.) 



141. The UTEiCLE is an achenium with a thin and 

 bladder-like loose pericarp, which commonly bursts irreg- 

 ularly, discharging the seed. "We see it in the Goosefoot 

 and Amaranth. In the latter plant it opens transversely 

 all round, like a pyxis. (Fig. 5.) 



143. Caetopsis, or grain, is a dry, hard pericarp, 

 which firmly adheres to the seed, as in Wheat, Eye, In- 

 dian Corn, etc. 



143. The NUT (glans) is a 1-seeded, dry fruit, with a 

 hard, crustaceous, or bony wall, commonly enclosed in a 



