248 



THE FEEDING OF ANIMALS 



wholly used as a part of the so-called compoxmded 

 feeds, a fact to be reckoned with by purchasers of these 

 mixtures. 



Recently millers are mixing these screenings with the 

 bran. Unquestionably the bran thus suffers deteriora- 

 tion proportionate to the quantity and quality of the 

 screenings. The guarantee accompanying such mix- 

 tures generally specifies "wheat bran with the mill run 



of screenings." This is 

 a part of the growing 

 practice to foist upon 

 the consumer a great 

 variety of by-products 

 and refuses, some good 

 and some bad. 



337. Residues from 

 breakfast foods. — In 

 the manufacture of 

 breakfast foods, the 

 use of which has be- 

 come so prevalent, cer- 

 tain by-products are 

 obtained which are now found in the market as cattle 

 foods. The preparation of oatmeal and similar materials 

 involves the selection of the finest oat grains, i. e., those 

 having the largest kernels, from which the hulls are 

 removed. These hulls and the smaller oat grains, and 

 perhaps bran, constitute by-products which, after being 

 finely ground, are sold as oat-feed and in various mix- 

 tures. As the sale of oat hulls as such, or in a fraudulent 

 way when mixed with other substances, is likely to occa- 

 sion a financial, loss to feeders, it is desirable to clearly 

 understand the situation. We shall accomplish this by a 



Fig. 13. Section of entire oat grain 

 (enlarged 16 diameters). 0, hull; 1, seed 

 coat; i, gluten layer; B, mass of starch 

 cells. 



