FODDER IN INDIA. 29 



they will benefit from the chang^e. Gram is sown about 



the second week in September, 8c — loo lbs. of seed per 



acre according to the quality of the soil. 



Kuria, Kasumba, Taramira, Toria, Ulsi, Til and others, 



usually sown along with other crops, but according to 



the purpose for which they are required, are "oil-seeds" 



have their various uses, and for our purpose are worth 



consideration where time and conditions permit as tonics, 



but we need not go into any detail of them here, as being 



somewhat out of the sphere of grass-farming. 



Carrots — Known as gajar, are sown about the end of 



September, a ' deep' ploughed sandy loam which is not 



over rich as carrot seed germinates slowly and if the 



' soil is too rich weeds will get such a start that they will 



quite spoil, possibly entirely oust, the carrots; in India 



about 20 lbs. of seed are required per acre if anything 



rather less ; when the seedlings are well up as they will 



not transplant must be thinned out ; weed as much as 



possible. A usual yield will be 60 maunds of carrots 



per acre ; the carrot tops are exceedingly valuable 



as fodder, most palatable, so if you can use them for 



issues along with the bottoms your out-turn will benefit 



very appreciably (on paper). Carrots will not silo. 



When feeding carrots to your own live-stock, horses or 



bullocks, save on your grain ration by feeding day 



about grain and carrots alternately. 



The writer has heard of an out-turn of 250 maunds of 



carrots per acre — presumably including "tops." This must 



have been an exceptional crop for India, though not at all 



unusual in England ; and he would like to know something 



more about it, also the cost of production. 



Bhoosa. — A by-product of the various cereals and a most 



valuable and very extensively used fodder for horned 



cattle — mules and camels, and in a lesser degree for 



horses in the absence or scarcity of grass or hay, but 



horses must be inoculated to its use very gradually and 



with only the best quality, and under ordinary circum- 



