vit] Smuts 79 
formaldehyde. One pint of it is mixed with 30 gallons 
of water. The grain is then put into a sack or sieve 
and placed in the solution and continually moved about 
for 10 minutes. It is then spread to dry as rapidly as 
possible. The same strength of formaldehyde is often 
used to sprinkle on the grain in the same way as with 
copper sulphate. This method does not injure the 
germination so much as treatment with copper sulphate, 
and may be used for oats and barley. Treated grain 
if properly dried may be fed to fowls. 
In Method 3 warm water is used to kill the smut 
spores. Two tubs, several buckets, and a supply of 
hot and cold water are required. It is essential that 
an accurate thermometer be used. Hot and cold water 
are put into the two tubs. The temperature of the 
water in Tub 1 should be about 125° F., and in Tub 2 
132° F. (not below 130° F. and not above 135°F.). The 
grain is placed in a fine wicker or gauze basket or in a 
sack and moved about in Tub 1 for 2 or 3 minutes. It 
is transferred to Tub 2 and kept there for 5-8 minutes, 
and then shot on a raised piece of canvas and sown as 
quickly as possible or dried rapidly. 
Hot water must be added to the tubs from time to 
time to keep the temperature correct. Care must be 
taken that it is not poured directly on the seed. 
A temperature of 132° F. is sufficient to kill the 
smut spores, but it does not injure the grain. 
This method is very efficient and cheap, but it has 
the disadvantage of requiring. a certain amount of 
accuracy and care in keeping the temperature correct. 
If the temperature is too high the grain will not ger- 
minate, and if too low the smut spores are not killed. 
After treatment with either of these methods the 
