xir] Aphides and Sawylies 163 
makes the solution stick to the aphis and so stops up 
the breathing pores. 
MixtureI. Soft soap  ... 5-10 lbs. 
Water ... ..» 100 gallons. 
Mixture II. Tobacco powder 30 lbs. 
or Nicotine ... 5 ounces. 
Soft soap ..._5 Ibs. 
Water ... ... 100 gallons. 
5 Ibs. of tobacco leaf may be substituted in this mixture 
but it is much dearer. 
This is the most effective mixture, but it is rather 
expensive. 
Mixture III. Quassia chips 10 Ibs. 
Soft soap ... 5 Ibs. 
Water ... ... 100 gallons. 
The quassia chips are allowed to simmer for two hours 
and then strained. 
This spraying is in general use for fruit trees, hops, 
and roses. It is important to spray early just after 
the flies have hatched, as little good is done once the 
leaves become curled. 
In the case of the bean aphis the best method is 
to “‘top” the beans as soon as the flies are noticed. 
Spraying with soft soap has also been shown to be 
profitable in bad seasons. This aphis also lives on 
docks and thistles, and migrates from these plants to 
the bean. 
The hop aphis migrates to plums and damsons at 
certain seasons and consequently when grown near they 
should be sprayed as well as the hops. 
The woolly aphis or American blight (Schizoneura 
lanigera), which is found chiefly on the apple, lives 
11—2 
