EXAMINATION OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 41 



5. Blood mixed in the feces occurs from a number of causes. 

 If the feces are of normal size and firm, the hemorrhage comes, 

 from the large intestine; or if coated only oa the outside with 

 blood and mucus, it indicates the presence of bleeding hemorrhoids, 

 (piles). If the blood is in clots and mixed with the feces, it in- 

 dicates a hemorrhage of the stomach or small intestines. The 

 blood-clots may vary in color from light red to almost brown- 

 black. As a rule, the further the blood comes the darker it is; 

 if it came from the stomach it would be nearly black, but from 

 the large intestine it is red in color. 



6. Pus is sometimes seen in the stools, and indicates the pres- 

 ence of an abscess in the large intestine or perforating into it 

 from some of the adjacent organs. 



Physical Examination of the Liver. 



It is very hard to make a careful manual examination of the 

 liver, as there is only a small portion of the organ posterior to 

 the ribs that can be reached, and then only in cases where the 



Right side of the abdomen, showing the position of the organs. 



animal is thin. Fortunately the diseases of the liver in the dog- 

 are not numerous and can be detected by other symptoms than 

 that of a direct examination of the gland. Fig. 13 gives a clear 



