TjENIA. 75 



small, round opening and fitted with three to six small lips, which 

 cover a number of proportionately large teeth. The caudal end 

 of the parasite is curved and has twenty-six small papillae on each 

 side. The female is pointed and straight. The sexual organs of 

 the female are peculiar. The vulva is about 36 mm. from the 

 head. In the genital organs there can generally be seen quantities 

 of eggs that on examination are found to have a thick, hard shell, 

 which is marked by numerous small grooves. These eggs are 

 found in enormous quantities in the feces of all dogs affected 

 with the round worm. The development of the embryo is not 

 yet thoroughly understood, but it is generally believed that the 

 embryo jiasses through several stages before it is ready to enter 

 into the dog's system. 



As a rule, the round worm causes little trouble in the dog, but 

 in some instances large masses of these worms collect in a ball and 

 cause considerable catarrhal disturbance of the intestines, or they 

 may even cause symptoms of intestinal stenosis. In rare instances 

 the parasites produce numerous hemorrhagic furrows or indenta- 

 tions in the mucous membrane (Weiskopf). There is no doubt 

 that in some instances round worms cause considerable nervous 

 disturbance, such as cramps or epilepsy. This is generally ob- 

 served in young animals — puppies under six months old. These 

 nervous symptoms generally disappear with the expulsion of the 

 parasite. 



Therapeutics. The principal agent to remove the round 

 worms is santonin, the alkaloid of the plant Artemisia santonica. 

 This is administered and followed up by a dose of castor oil, or 

 the oil may be given with it. 



R.— Santonin 0.3 



01. ricini 60.0 



S. — Divide into three portions and give one every third (3) day. 



Taenia. 



Natural History. The cestodes are flat, tape-like worms, with 

 or without intestines. They grow from one parent or head and 

 adhere together in a long, ribbon-like colony. The head is fur- 

 nished with sucking cups and hooks, by which means it adheres to 

 the mucous membrane of the intestine. The parasite is thin at the 

 neck, and at its termination it consists of a number of matured seg- 



