CATARRH OF THE NOSE. 115 



which is surrounded by a horny ring; there are no organs of sight, 

 respiration, or circulation; the female is 26 to 130 mm. long and 

 3 to 4 mm. wide; the male is about 20 mm. long and the same 

 width as the female; toward the posterior part of the body both 

 sexes are about 1 to 2 mm. wide. (See Fig. 36. ) 



These parasites are found in the sinuses of the forehead and the 

 upper nasal chambers; they may also find their way into the phar- 

 ynx, and are developed sexually. The eggs are yellowish-brown, 

 as many as 500,000 being found in one female; these eggs are 

 mixed with the nasal mucus and passed out where they become 

 attached to some vegetable substance eaten with the vegetable food 

 by a herbivorous animal or man. In the stomach it becomes free 

 when the shell is dissolved off and reaches the liver in various 

 ways It may be found in the spleen, kidneys, peritoneum, where 

 it becomes encysted; this is the sexless larva-form, pentastomum 

 denticulatum [Lunguatula dentieulata) (Fig. 37). It resembles the 

 sexed parasite in general shape, except that it is much smaller, 

 from 4 to 5 mm. long, and in its anterior part about 1.5 mm. 

 wide. It lies in a detached cyst, which is about 5 mm. long. In 

 six months it becomes sufficiently developed to break through the 

 cyst- wair and by direct migration finds its way to the bronchial 

 tubes; it is coughed up from the lungs by the host, and finds 

 its way into the nasal cavities of the dog through the food or 

 is carried into the nose in respiration and crawls up into the 

 nasal cavities. Hering has seen the disease but once; Fried- 

 berger and Frohner have seen it in a few cases; but Colan has 

 seen sixty-four cases, and found from one to eleven parasites in 

 the nasal chambers of each case. 



Pentastomum catarrh is different from ordinary nasal catarrh 

 from the fact that there is a more or less bloody nasal discharge 

 which is very purulent and putrid, and that there is a great depres- 

 sion noticed in the animal; it becomes emaciated and sneezes a 

 great deal oftener than in ordinary catarrh. An instance is 

 recorded where the parasite penetrated the hard palate, causing a 

 great flow of saliva. In some cases the inflammation has extended 

 from the nasal cavities to the cranial cavity and produced menin- 

 gitis, with severe cerebral symptoms, great excitement, restlessness, 

 and a tendency to biting or snapping, and also paralysis of the 

 lower jaw and several symptoms very similar to rabies. 



