CYSTIC CRAMP. 175 



sphincter is paralyzed the urine flows constantly or at very short 

 intervals, the slightest contraction of the depressor being sufficient 

 to expel it. In this condition the bladder is nearly always empty. 

 In making an examination of the bladder through the abdomen, 

 when paralysis of the detrusor is present, the bladder will be 

 found distended, even when the animal has passed some urine a 

 short time before that, whereas in paralysis of the sphincter the 

 bladder will be found to be empty. 



When cystitis accompanies this condition the animal shows more 

 or less pain when he urinates. This, however, is only seen in rare 

 instances. The prognosis is unfavorable in the majority of cases. 

 The only case in which the author has seen a favorable termina- 

 tion was one of simple distention of the bladder. 



Therapeutics. The treatment best adapted to relieve this 

 condition is to regulate the passage of urine, as in catarrh of the 

 bladder, by cold injections into the bladder of tine, nucis vomicae, 

 5 to 10 drops once or twice daily; strychnia muriate, 0.001 to 

 0.003 subcutaneously ; and fluid ext. ergotse 0.50. We can also 

 try faradization of the abdomen in the region of the bladder. 



Cystic Cramp. 

 {Cramp of the Bladder.) 



There can be no doubt that cramp or spasm of the bladder 

 (cystospasmus) may occur in the dog, although we have no 

 literature on the subject. By this condition we mean an extreme 

 irritability of the bladder, causing an extreme contraction of the 

 muscular coat of the bladder, and small quantities of urine, in 

 some cases only a drop at a time, are passed with great difficulty. 

 In some cases all the symptoms of uraemia are observed. On 

 passing the catheter, which is extremely painful, we easily 

 recognize it by the bladder being empty, or, if the contraction 

 is at the neck, the urine is passed in a quick stream as soon as the 

 catheter overcomes the contraction. Morphia hypodermatically 

 is the best drug to insure relief ; tine, valerian is also very usefuL 



