204 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



Anaemia of the Brain. 



Etiology. The most common cause of anaemia of the brain 

 is from impoverished blood, acute hemorrhage, prolonged and 

 debilitating disease, or from some obstruction of the arterial sys- 

 tem, such as tumors, hemorrhages, or inflammatory exudations 

 withio the skull ; compression of the carotid arteries by emphy- 

 sema, and in some instances from contraction of the small arteries 

 of the brain caused by excitement. 



Pathological Anatomy. The white substance in rare in- 

 stances has a few bloody points. As a rule, the brain appears on 

 section dull white, the gray matter being unusually bright, without 

 any trace of coloration. The meninges and coverings of the brain 

 may possess their normal quantity of blood even in intense ansemia. 



Clinical Symptoms. Acute ansemia, especially when it has 

 been caused by hemorrhages, is indicated by a small, weak pulse, 

 distention of the pupils and a coldness of the extremities, attacks 

 of dizziness, and loss of consciousness. Convulsions are rarely 

 present in chronic ansemia of the brain, and very often stupidity, 

 quivering of the muscles, great fatigue on the slightest exertion, 

 loss of appetite, and a tendency to vomiting are noticed. 



Therapeutics. The therapeutic treatment consists in stimu- 

 lants, such as wine, ether, camphor, etc. In the chronic form 

 nutritive diet, blood-producing food, tonics. 



Cerebral Hemorrhage. 

 (Apopkxia Sangaince ; Hoeraorrhagia Cerebri.) 



Etiology. The chief cause of cerebral hemorrhage is an 

 increased pressure on the vessels containing the blood, and where 

 the walls of these vessels present some abnormal condition by 

 which they are debilitated or weakened. This condition of the 

 walls of the vessels may be caused by atheromatous degeneration 

 or by some disturbances in the nutritive process of those parts, as 

 in serious diseases, except specific diseases, such as distemper, leu- 

 ksemia, and in certain forms of poisoning. 



Pathological Anatomy. Hemorrhages appear, as a rule, 

 on the cerebrum, and occur from a capillary, hemorrhage, .and 



