wall of healthy young animals. The disease appeared after eight 

 days. 



Krajewski vaccinated numerous young animals with secretions of 

 the nose and pustule, these inoculations being on the mucous mem- 

 brane and under the skin, and arrived at the following conclusions : 



1. The contagious germ of distemper sticks to the secretion of 

 the nose and eyes, and the blood is also contagious. 



2. The germ does not lose its virulent properties in any degree 

 when dried at a normal temperature, or frozen at 18° to 20° of 

 cold. However, its virulence becomes attenuated when kept for 

 any length of time in a dry place. 



3. The disease, which is produced by vaccinating, runs a very 

 mild course, and kills, as a rule, from 10 to 15 per cent., while the 

 ordinary disease kills from 32 to 70 per cent. Laosson has obtained 

 the same results after vaccinating ninety-eight animals, and found 

 also that the contents of these pustules are generally inactive, and 

 that the nasal secretion loses its virulence after eight days. Fried- 

 berger's observations are diametrically opposite, for he contends 

 that he has caused infection by means of the contents of the pus- 

 tules. He also recognized in one case that the disease originated 

 from vaccination passed through a short intervening stage, and, as 

 a rule, was much less in intensity, ran a very rapid course, and 

 that the group of pustules was confined to the region of vaccina- 

 tion. 



Schantyr has lately published certain observations concerning 

 the microbes of distemper. He agrees with Piitz that distemper 

 of the dog resembles distemper in horses to a remarkable degree, 

 and his theory of the subject is that distemper may be classified 

 into three diseases, according to the presence of three micro- 

 organisms of different characters. These diseases are : Abdominal 

 typhus, true distemper of the dog, and canine typhoid. Their 

 clinical as well as their pathological symptoms have a great sim- 

 ilarity with one another, and it is only with a careful microscopical 

 examination that the specific micro-organisms can be separated. 

 The bacilli of typhoid (small, short bacilli, which are almost ex- 

 actly like man's bacilli) are generally found separate in the blood, 

 while the bacilli of distemper (small, somewhat bead-shaped) and 



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