258 CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES. 



by traasfusion of leuksemic blood in healthy animals always gave 

 negative results. The same observer saw two cases of secondary 

 leuksemia. In both there was a virulent catarrh of the prepuce. 

 This soon produced a swelling of the glans and of the lymphatic 

 glands iu its immediate neighborhood. This is accompanied by 

 a marked increase in the white blood-corpuscles. 



Pathological Anatomy. The most important alteration 

 always observed in this disease is an increase of white blood- 

 corpuscles in the blood. This may become so great (in the dog) 

 that we find the proportion of white to red blood-corpuscles is 1 

 to 5 (Bollinger). We find in this " leucocythsemia " the blood 

 possesses a much lighter color than it does uormally. "We also 

 notice a great tendency to emaciation and a characteristic altera- 

 tion of the spleen, lymphatic glands, and the marrow. This 

 alteration is esjiecially found in the spleen, which is very much 

 enlarged in all directions, and is also increased proportionately in 

 weight. It is not rare to find it weighing at least 1000 grammes, 

 and in among the sections marks of true hyperplasia. We also 

 see at times circumscribed hyperplasia of the spleen in dogs. As 

 a rule, the lymphatic glands are enlarged, and in other cases very 

 slightly. This is caused by a hyperplasia of the glandular tissues. 

 The marrow of the bones is occasionally involved and appears 

 dark red. In serious cases the color is yellowish-gray, becoming 

 soft and plastic. In very rare cases hyperplasia is seen in other 

 organs, such as the tonsils, liver, and lungs. 



Clinical Symptoms and Course. The symptoms of the 

 disease are similar to those of intense ansemia. First, there is a 

 characteristic alteration of the blood, and, second, the symptoms 

 presented by the spleen and lymphatic glands. In mild cases a 

 microscopic examination and counting the number of blood-cor- 

 puscles will insure a diagnosis. The best way to obtain a small 

 quantity of blood for the purpose of making an examination is 

 to make a slight slit in the upper surface of the outside of the ear. 

 Place it under the microscope without adding any other substance 

 to it, and we will recognize not only an enormous increase in the 

 number of white blood-corpuscles, but a difference in their normal 

 size. 



While we may be able to correctly diagnose the disease from 

 the condition of the blood during life, we may also notice certain 



