FBACTUMES OF THE BONES. 



291 



appear in very large numbers. Pauli found, for instance, in one 

 dog a peculiar, stiff, flexed condition of the head, a surface one 

 inch square in the psoas muscles which was filled with cysticercus 

 cellulosus the size of a pea; and Trasbot found, at the post-mortem 



Fig. 63. 



Bath-tub. 



of a dog which had shown great pain during life, especially 

 when touched or moved, all the muscles filled with cysticercus of 

 taenia solium. 



(For further details concerning cysticercus, see Internal Para- 

 sites.) 



FRACTURES OF THE BOiSTBS. 



Etiology. By a " fracture of the bone" we mean a breaking 

 or disunion of a bone or a bony cartilage. Most fractures are 

 caused by external forces, and the bone fractured is at the region 

 where the force or shock has expended most of its force — for 

 instance, from blows or being run over; or in some instances a 

 fracture may be some distance from the region where the greatest 

 amount of force has been made, such as falling for some distance, 

 or concussions. We also see fractures of small projections of bones 

 caused by great muscular exertion. The author saw a fracture of 

 the olecranon in a hunting dog, which could not have originated 

 in any way than by enormous muscular strain. Very old and 



