EPITHELIAL TUMORS. 343 



tendency to remain stationary for a long time. In some regions of 

 the glands we may see a small, hard knot developed, which is not 

 sensitive to pressure, and shows no signs of inflammatory action. 

 This enlargement gains slowly and may be accompanied by other 

 knots in the immediate neighborhood, which finally unite and form 

 one mass. The carcinoma at this stage is found to be a hard, 

 irregular, circumscribed tumor, and united, as a rule, with smaller 

 masses by a thin, cord-like enlargement that lies in the integu- 

 ment. When this enlargement is located very near the skin it 

 shows a peculiar cicatricial contraction, and especially if it is near 

 the teat this may be drawn entirely into the skin. This is quite 

 common. We also observe great distention of the cutaneous veins, 

 which may even be varicosed. As a rule, the enlargement is 

 rarely confined to one, but we may find scattered through the 

 gland numerous lumps or knots of various sizes. The author 

 has counted twenty scattered through a gland. We also see in 

 the mammaries of the dog fibromas, chondromas, adenomas, sar- 

 comas, and cysts, but these are much rarer than carcinoma. 



It is hardly possible to confound these tumors of the mammaries 

 with inflammation of the lacteal gland. True acute mammitis 

 occurs very rarely in the bitch, and is indicated by a circumscribed, 

 painful, very sensitive reddened swelling of a definite glandular 

 section. The section may undergo complete disintegration, forming 

 an abscess and sloughing, or we see chronic inflammation with a 

 formation of knotty lumps, and a peculiar cicatricial contraction. 

 A rapid improvement generally results from the use of acetate of 

 lead solution. True mammitis must not be confounded with inflam- 

 mation of the lacteal glands, which may appear in bitches that are 

 nursing and deprived of their young. The swelling disappears in a 

 few days by itself, but it may be hastened by a light diet and saline 

 purgatives. In very rare instances there is a peculiar condition of 

 the lacteal glands that is seen in bitches that have had several litters 

 of pups; about forty-five days after they have been in " heat " we 

 may find a general enlargement and filling up of the entire glands, 

 also the appearance of a thin milk or colostrum in the glands, 

 and every appearance of active lactation. This might lead the 

 practitioner to believe that the bitch was in whelp. 



The tendency of carcinoma to become malignant and cause a 

 general infection of the whole body is especially marked in the 



