348 TVM0B8. 



urine are discharged involuntarily. This result is not always even 

 or regular, but depends to a large extent on which of the above- 

 mentioned remedies is used. For instance, in using ether the stage 

 of excitement is usually prolonged (twenty to forty minutes) this is 

 not the translator' s experience with a good assistant — ten minutes at 

 the most, and in the stage of depression reflex excitement does not 

 disappear immediately. Chloroform produces much quicker results, 

 and, as a rule, answers fairly well, but it has one disadvantage: the 

 attendant or administrator must be very careful not to push it too 

 far, or it is apt to produce paralysis of the lungs or stop the action 

 of the heart, or perhaps act on both parts at the same time, causing 

 death. We prefer to use a combined narcotic in the form of an 

 injection about ten minutes before the operation. This injection 

 consists of 0.03 to 0.06 of morphia muriate dissolved in water. 

 Afterward administer a mixture of equal parts of ether and chlo- 

 roform. The narcotic stage is mild, the period of excitement short, 

 and death is very rare. 



But even by this method, if there is any acute disease of the 

 heart, it is apt to be dangerous. For this reason the author has 

 lately used bromo-ether after having repeatedly tested its reliability. 

 The author uses an inhalation of bromo-ether by means of an 

 apparatus shown in Fig. 77 (6), which, of course, may be used to 

 administer any ansesthetic. The funnel is placed under the ani- 

 mal's nose so that he is compelled to breathe through the bottle. 

 The sponge in the bottle is impregnated with brorao-ether ; a double 

 curved tube serves to supply the requisite amount of atmospheric 

 air. The amount of bromo-ether necessary varies from 10 to 40; 

 the stage of excitement is short but very marked; the narcotic 

 effect is deep but lasts a few moments only, so that it is not advis- 

 able to discontinue the inhalation at any time during the operation. 

 The stage of excitement may be reduced to a minimum by means 

 of morphia injections. As a rule, the temperature of the rectum 

 drops from 1° to 3° after this narcosis. The lowest the author 

 ever observed was 35.5°. 



The translator has recently used an inhaler suggested by 

 Professor Hobday, of the London school, that has a number of 

 advantages over the methods suggested by the author, but at 

 the same time it must be admitted that it is really an improved 

 modification of the apparatus suggested in the author' s work, the 



