354 DISEASES OF THE EYES. 



tiva of the lid, tbe trausition fold and the bulb of the conjunctiva 

 being very rarely affected. The follicles of the connective tissue 

 are generally swollen in all prolonged forms of catarrh of the eyes. 

 Sometimes they protrude here and there from the reddened con- 

 nective tissue in the shape of a millet-seed or a sago granule. 



In cases where the irritation is due to the influence of some 

 infectious substance we notice a marked cellular infiltration of the 

 tissues of the mucous membrane, with proportional swelling of the 

 connective tissue, and the production of a copious, thick, yellowish- 

 green-.secretion. Under the influence of chemical irritants we have 

 the formation of grayish-white or transparent membranous accu- 

 mulations upon the surface of the mucous membranes, and some- 

 times we have ulcers which may lead to trichiasis (turning in of the 

 hair of the lashes toward the bulbs; the mildest form of entropion). 

 In some cases it may cause a natural entropion or symblepharon 

 adherence between the lid and bulbs of the conjunctiva). 



The following forms of conjunctivitis are noticed in the dog : 



Catarrhal Ophthalmia (Conjunctivitis). By this we mean 

 an acute catarrh with intense redness and loosening of the con- 

 junctiva, also copious mucous or muco-purulent secretion. The 

 local disturbances do not seem to be very marked, but we see in 

 rare cases irritation and itching, the patients .attempting to rub 

 their eyes with their paws. The course may be acute or chronic. 



Conjunctivitis foUicularis is a variety of this disease (catarrh of 

 ihe eyes). Frohner says that this is indicated by the appearance 

 of large quantities of lymphatic follicles upon the internal surface 

 of the membrana nictitans. These stand out distinctly in the 

 form of rounded millet-seed bodies upon the surface of the mucous 

 membranes. They are dark-red and transparent, consisting of 

 ball-shaped accumulations of lymphoid cells. Soon they appear 

 in numerous masses, giving the membrane the appearance of a 

 granulating wound surface, and in such cases the membrana nicti- 

 tans is detached from the bulbus and extended over the cornea. 

 The question, is follicular conjunctivitis to be accepted as a dis- 

 ease mi generis or not, we have not been able to determine fully, 

 bat we know that the presence of numerous lymphatic follicles 

 prolongs indefinitely the course of conj unctivitis. We ought, there- 

 fore, to always expose the membrana nictitans by means of a pair 

 of forceps, especially in catarrh of the connective tissue. Accord- 



